Synthesis and treatment

This first example of the utility of quadrupolar nuclei as sources of information about nano-semiconductors showed that MAS-NMR could identify a poly type that is unstable in the bulk. A second example will show that information about changes in the electronic structure of nanocrystals as a function of synthesis and treatment conditions, as well as information about different polytypes, can be obtained via measurement of Knight shifts and chemical shifts. In this extensive study 69Ga... 

About 800 000 tons of solid catalysts are prepared and used every year worldwide, but this does not mean that we understand how they work. Catalyst synthesis and treatment recipes are often based on empirical studies, handed down the generations like ancient medicines. Since chemists dislike ignorance even more than nature abhors a vacuum, much research is done to find out how solid catalysts work. And, since the real industrial catalysts are usually multicomponent, nonuniform solids, much of this research is done on simplified model systems [28],... 

Preparation of Solid State Electrolytes 17.3.7.3. Zircronia-Based Ceramic Electrolytes. 17.3.7.3.1. Powder Synthesis and Treatment. 

Y. Ikada, Institute of Physical Chemical Research, Materials Synthesis and Treatment by Plasma Reactions (in Japanese) p, 177, 1984. 

One of the most important aspects inherent in sonochemistry concerns synthesis and treatment of organic and inorganic materials. Effects of ultrasound on chemical transformations were studied in three directions sonochemistry in homogeneous liquid system, sonochemistry in heterogeneous liquid-liquid or liquid-solid several times as well as sonocatalysis. Thus, the cavitation concentrates sound energy to affect the synthesis from soluble precursors. Chemical reactions are usually not observed in sonicated solid-solid and solid or gas systems. 

There are two categories of experimental results found in the abundant literature on zeolites. One relates to the synthesis and treatment of zeolites while... 

Occurrence in a pigment context is currently imknown aldiough the synthetic analogue may be produced during synthesis and treatment of the more common titanium(IV) oxides used as pigments. Its commonahty may also mean that it is foimd as an associated mineral. 

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