Syntheses of Synkinons for Supramolecular

In this chapter we introduce compounds which have been successfully applied in the construction of supramolecular assemblies. Only the amphiphiles which have been prepared in sufficient quantities have been admitted milligram quantities being considered unacceptable as starting materials for the preparation, analysis and application of assemblies. Experience proves that complicated dyes, pore builders, receptors etc. never reappear in the literature after their syntheses and spectroscopic properties have been reported. On the other hand, such easily attainable synkinons and surfactants around the ten gram scale need not, of course, be too simple. On the contrary, they may contain all the components of the chiral pool, i.e. amino acids, carbohydrates, steroids etc., as well as all commercial dyes of interest such as protoporphyrin, phthalo-cyanines, carotenes, viologen and quinones. 

Furthermore, the following special requirements for an amphiphile synthesis should be taken into consideration. Chromatography and extraction procedures should be avoided during the isolation of amphiphiles as this type of compound is inherently extremely polar, insoluble in most solvents and produces foam. The synthesis should therefore aim for apolar precursors into which the polar head groups can be introduced in one final high yield reaction. Minimal amounts of 

Yamauchi, Y. Sakamoto, A. Moriya, K. Yamada, T. Hosokawa, T, Higuchi, M. Kinoshita, 

Amphiphiles with chiral head groups play an important role in the investigation of recognition processes in monolayers and in the construction of helical fibres. Amino acid, hydroxy acid and carbohydrate head groups were usually selected 

Another type of asymmetric bolaamphiphile not only varies the head groups but also partitions off the hydrophobic core into a hydrocarbon and a per- 

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