Syntheses, chemical emissions, control

Christopher Hardacre read natural sciences at the University of Cambridge, where he also obtained his PhD in 1994. He was appointed to a lectureship in physical chemistry at the Queen s University of Belfast in 1995 and in 2003, he became a professor of physical chemistry. He is currently director of research in CenTACat, and his current interests include the understanding of gas and liquid phase catalytic processes for emission control, clean energy production, and fine chemical synthesis as well as the study and use of ionic liquids. 

Electrodes and solid catalysts applied in the synthesis of chemicals or in emission control are, generally, hierarchical systems comprising dimensions ranging from millimeter to nanometer scale, allowing for mass and heat transport within a reactor, molecular transport of reactants and products through a pore system, and chemical reactions on nanostructured, frequently multifunctional surface sites as illustrated in Figure 4.2.2. Catalyst preparation always yields a catalyst precursor, whereas the active phase is only formed in contact with the feed of the substrate molecules in... 

Outline an overall process flow sheet and material balance including solvent recovery and recycle. This should be done with the aid of process simulation software. [See Seider, Seader, and Lewin, Product and Process Design Principles Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation, 2d ed. (Wiley, 2004) and Turton et ah. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, 2d ed. (Prentice-Hall, 2002)]. In the flow sheet include methods needed for controlling emissions and managing wastes. Carefully consider the possibility that impurities may accumulate in the recycled solvent, and devise methods for purging these impurities, if needed. 

Much of the research on advanced fuel synthesis and characterization, fundamentals of combustion, and early work on combustion control and emissions and plumes were covered in the recent book, Advances in Chemical Propulsion Science to Technology [1]. Some of the accomplishments that were not included, the progress made in Combustion Control since this publication and in the new areas of pulse detonation engines and high-speed jet noise control (over the past five years), have been reviewed. A number of these research efforts and the new scientific accomplishments and contributions are presented in this book. 

The interest in intercalation reactions stems from different motivations. From a preparation point of view they provide routes for the systematic synthesis of new solids with kinetic rather than thermodynamic stability that cannot be obtained by other preparation techniques [11, 13], Furthermore, they permit controlled systemic modifications of chemical as well as physical properties, including electronic, magnetic and optical properties. From an application viewpoint, they are of importance in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, non-emissive electrochromic displays, and so forth [4, 14],... 

Hydrogen currently produced from the gasification of coal is essentially used as an intermediate for the synthesis of chemicals. However, with the increasing awareness of the necessity to control greenhouse gas emissions there is an incentive to move toward the production of hydrogen for power generation with carbon dioxide capture/sequestration. 

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