Syntex

H. Ringold, in M. J. Pramik, ed., Norethindrone the First Three Decades, Syntex Laboratories, Palo Alto, Calif., 1978, p. 1. 

Synthetic Estrogens" under "Hormones" in ECT 1st ed., Vol. 7, pp. 536—547, by P. E. Dreisbach, Calco Chemical Division, American Cyanamid Company "Nonsteroidal Estrogens" under "Hormones" in ECT 2nd ed., VoL 11, pp. 127—141, by R. 1. Dorfman, Syntex Research Division of Syntex Corporation "Nonsteroidal Estrogens" under "Hormones" in ECT 3rd ed., Vol. 12, pp. 658—691, by G. C. Crawley, Imperial Chemical Industries Limited. 

Many primary fatty amides which are available from various manufacturers are Hsted in Table 3. In 1986 approximately 55,000 metric tons of amides and bisamides were produced world wide (58), the majority of which are bisamides, followed in volume by primary amides. Most of these products are shipped in sohd form in bag or dmm quantities. Major producers of primary fatty amides are Akzo, Glyco, Humko, and Sherex. Bisamides are produced by Akzo, Milacron, and Syntex. There are over 100 producers of alkanolamides in the world, most of which are small specialized manufacturers to a specific industry. GAP, Henkel, Sherex, and Witco are among the principal producers. The most widely used alkanolamides are the Ai,Ai-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amides, mostly produced from middle-cut coco fatty acids (6% capryflc, 7% capric, 51% lauric, 19% myristic, 9% palmitic, and 2% stearic acids). An estimated 77,000 metric tons of alkanolamide was produced worldwide in 1986 (59). 

Salinomycin (180) and narasin (128) have been reported to be effective in improving feed efficiency but neither has been marketed for this use. Laidlomycin propionate (Syntex, Inc.) and tetronasin (Coopers Animal Health, Inc.) have been under investigation in cattle and sheep (181,182). 

U.S. producers iaclude Ortho Pharmaceutical (eg, Monistat), Schering-Plough (eg, Lotrimia), and Syntex (Femstat). 

Institute of Organic Chemistry Syntex Research Palo Alto, California... 

Acknowledgment The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. J. Edwards of Syntex Research who provided the experimental procedure utilizing silver carbonate on Celite. We are also indebted to the Synthetic Chemical Research Department of Merck Sharp Dohme Research Laboratories for providing time to complete this review and also to Miss Joanna Mohr for her patience and care in preparing the manuscript. 

In the Syntex route the 5-position was blocked by hydroxyl which was removed reductively at a later stage ... 

A" -3-ketones from 4-bromo compounds in the 5j5-series. Frequently it is necessary to prepare A -B-ketones from starting materials with the 5a stereochemistry, and this has to be done indirectly. (See sections Ill-C and VI-B for conversion of 5jS-3-ketones into A -3-ketones.) The Syntex group has devised a method of doing this via the thermodynamically stable 2a,4a-di-bromo derivatives. 

The routes published by Syntex and by CIBA are very similar Syntax route ... 

Extensive work in this area by the Syntex group provides additional important information with respect to the mechanistic aspects of such cycloadditions. At the same time, the method proved of considerable utility for the preparation of cyclobutane compounds bearing a wide variety of substituents. 

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