Ortho Pharmaceuticals

U.S. producers iaclude Ortho Pharmaceutical (eg, Monistat), Schering-Plough (eg, Lotrimia), and Syntex (Femstat). 

Singher, H.O. and Zuckerman, L. U.S. Patent 3,016,337 January 9,1962 assigned to Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation... 

A comparison of automated pipetting with manual pipetting, by Weltz [16]. demonstrates a difference of approximately one order of magnitude 0.4% RSD for automatic sample introduction versus 3.2% RSD for manual sample introduction. To achieve optimum results for trace elements in biological materials, the use of dedicated automated samplers is recommended. The Hquid-handhng capabihties of a pipetter/diluter workstation have been evaluated at Ortho Pharmaceutical (Haller et al. [17]). Four different volumes of each of three solvents were dispensed 20 times. Actual volumes... 

The vaginal retention and antiviral (anti-HIV) effect of different N-9 formulations were compared [43] Advantage 24 (cream) (Lake Pharmaceutics, Columbia Laboratories Inc., Livingston, NJ, USA), Conceptrol (cream) (Ortho Pharmaceuticals, Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA), Deflon Foam (foam) (Ortho Pharmaceuticals, Janssen-Ortho Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Semicid (suppository) (Whitehall Pharmaceuticals, Whitehall-Robbins Healthcare, Madison, NJ, USA), and VCF (film) (Apothecus Pharmaceutical Corporation, Oyster Bay, NY, USA). Even though there was a great variability... 

Singher, H.O. US Patent 3,136,703 June 9, 1964 assigned to Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp. 

In a lawsuit involving the Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation, the issue was whether Ortho s norgestimate infringed the patentee s claims to norgestrel under the doctrine of equivalence.5 Both compounds are progestin-type steroid hormones used as oral contraceptives. The two compounds share the same fused ring core... 

Stanley C. Bell, Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Radnor, Pa. 19087 Robert J. Capetola and David II. Ritchie, Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp. 

In 1960 Searle became the first to introduce an FDA-approved oral contraceptive. Early in 1962 Johnson Johnson s subsidiary. Ortho Pharmaceuticals, debuted its Norethindrone-based pill in 1964 Parke Davis and Syntex (with Eli Lilly) announced their FDA-approved products. Thus in the United States three of the first oral contraceptives that became available were developed by Syntex or manufactured from materials it produced. 

Ortho Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson Johnson, has had an ongoing contraceptive R D program. Eight companies that have discontinued Such R D are Syntex, Searle, Parke-Davis, Merck, Upjohn, Mead Johnson, Wyeth-Ayerst, and Eli Lilly (207). Wyeth-Ayerst, a subsidiary of American Home products, has renewed its contraceptive R D program in recent years, focusing on new forms of oral contraceptives (8,25 1). In addition, a relatively new, small firm, Gynco-Pharma, currently markets a copper IUD. Non-U.S. firms as well as universities and nonprofit foundations also carry on R D on new forms of birth control (207). 

Other compounds isolated from M. tomentosa with potential contraceptive activity are the oxepane diterpenes, zoapatanol and montanol, isolated first in Mexico and then acquired by Ortho Pharmaceuticals. The company pursued their pharmaceutical development extensively in the 1970 s and 1980 s. An extensive review of the effects of zoapatanol and montanol has been published in detail in the literature and is summarized in Table 2 above. A discussion of their effects is out of the scope of this chapter, since these compounds were not found in the aqueous herbal brew [39]. Moreover, montanol appears to be a decomposition product [29]. 

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