Synopsis of Hormone Effects on Carbohydrate Metabolism

Pyruvate dehydrogenase, especially in the adipose tissue, is stimulated by a high insulin/glucagon ratio. This leads to the production of acetyl-CoA, which may enter the Krebs cycle in the fed state. The more likely possibility is the biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA. The latter requires NADPH, and for this reason, the hexose monophosphate shunt is also activated. 

Has a role in the maintenance of red blood cell glutathione levels 

Deficiency results in decreased ability of the organism to detoxify peroxides 

The degradation of glycogen in human cells requires the action of 

Cellular levels of fructose-2,6-biphosphate are higher than normal when 

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