Syngas processing

The DuPont process (the oldest syngas process to produce ethylene glycol) reacts formaldehyde with CO in the presence of a strong mineral acid. The intermediate is glycolic acid, which is esterified with methanol. The ester is then hydrogenated to ethylene glycol and methanol, which is recovered. The net reaction from either process could he represented as ... 

Eastern coal conversion development may come to be favored because of market proximity, water availability, and coal sources which, because of their high sulfur content, are currently unuse-able and, hence, largely decoupled from other energy prices. Proximity reduces transport costs and allows an increased use of low and medium Btu syngas processes. Reactivity and swelling problems may be overcome by technology. 

Since Texaco syngas process was not being used to make ammonia, some of the steps would have to be modified to apply it to ammonia production. A CO Shift step might be needed upstream of the C02 Removal unit the membrane unit might be replaced by a Pressure-Swing Absorption (PSA) unit and a methanation unit might be needed to remove residual CO and C02. 

The ITM Syngas process involves the direct conversion of methane to synthesis gas (see Fig. 22.7). The process utilizes a mixed, conducting ceramic membrane and partial oxidation to produce the synthesis gas.40 The goal of this advanced reformer technology is to reduce the cost of hydrogen production by over 25 percent.59,79... 

Synthesis gas from the gasification of fossil fuels is contaminated by several gaseous compounds that would affect its further use in different ways. The purification steps depend on the type of syngas process and the feedstock. Table 22.9 illustrates how the synthesis gas stream can vary with different feedstocks. Figure 22.8 illustrates the different process steps that may occur before ammonia synthesis takes place.74... 

Liquid Nitrogen Wash. In many partial oxidation syngas processes, liquid nitrogen scrubbing is used to remove the carbon monoxide that remains after the shift... 

Davis, J. S Martin, J. R., Ctyogenics fw syngas processing . Chem. Engng. Prog 76 (2) 72-79 (19iKB. 

Advances in syngas processing are needed that capture and sequester CO2 efficiently and at a low cost. 

Sulfur-tolerant catalysts for water-gas shift reactors are necessary to lower syngas processing costs. 

The operating conditions used in the simulations of the syngas process are listed in the tables 11.6-11.8. 

A 42-stage distillation column separating methanol and water in a methanol-from-syngas process is used as an example of a more typically complex process. In the normal control stmcture, the temperature of a tray in the column is controlled by manipulating reboiler duty. However, there is a high column pressure-drop override controller to prevent flooding the column. Both of these controllers are PI and both can exhibit reset windup. 

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