Synchronization mutual

Mutual Exclusion (MUTEX). The idea of multiple entities all working on the same piece of work raises this issue of coordination and communication among the individual processes. A weU-known example from banking is instmctive. Consider two bank tellers simultaneously performing withdrawals from the same bank account. Both read the account balance and determine that the balance is 100, and so a withdrawal of 100 is allowed. Both then withdraw 100 from the account. Clearly this process needs some means by which the actions of the independent processes can be synchronized and coordinated. 

Since 1990 considerable interest has been devoted to mutually coupled dynamical systems. Different kinds of new dynamical behavior have been revealed and studied, including synchronization effects [125-128], on-off intermittency... 

In physical terms the unidirectional synchronization means that the drive oscillator plays the role of an external source. The situation is different if one considers the problem of a mutual synchronization of two oscillators, which we may assume to be identical in all respect except for the initial conditions <7 <720 and pio / p2Q. Let us consider the following model of mutual synchronization... 

It is interesting to note that the regions of unidirectional and mutual synchronization do not overlap. In both cases we have the critical value of (1.59, unidirectional synchronization 0.80, mutual synchronization), after which the coupling is strong enough to maximize the process of synchronization. 

The event when one reaction speeds up the proceeding of another reaction is shown up in non-chemical induction e.g. via initiation or synthesis of a catalyst in a reaction for another reaction. The mutual influence of reactions synchronously proceeding in a system includes a much broader range of events than chemical induction suggests. 

This chapter shows practically all kinds of possible reaction interactions, which part may be united in a general idea of interference of chemical reactions. The notion of interference includes mutual intensification or weakening of the reactions for instance, the rate of primary reaction product formation decreases, whereas the rate of secondary, conjugated reaction product formation increases. Currently, the mutual influence of reactions synchronized in time and space will be taken for interfering chemical processes [1-3]. 

Fig. 12.15 (a) Phase plot for one of the nephrons and (b) temporal variation of the tubular pressures for both nephrons in a pair of coupled chaotically oscillating units, a = 32, T = 16 s, and e = y = 0.2. The figure illustrates the phenomenon of chaotic phase synchronization. By virtue of their mutual coupling the two chaotic oscillators adjust their (average) periods to be identical. The amplitudes, however, vary incoherently and in a chaotic manner [27],... 

Even in atoms and molecules possessing no permanent dipole moment, the continuous electronic movement results, at any instant, in a small dipole moment fi, which can fluctuatingly polarize the electron system of the neighbouring atoms or molecules. This coupling causes the electronic movements to be synchronized in such a way that a mutual attraction results. The energy of such so-called dispersion or London [33] inter-... 

Question A cell consists of several replicating molecules that mutually help the synthesis and keep some synchronization for replication. At least a membrane that partly separates a cell from the outside has to be synthesized, keeping some degree of synchronization with the replication of other internal chemicals. How is such recursive production maintained, while keeping diversity of chemicals Furthermore, this recursive production is not complete, and there appears a slow mutational change over generations, which leads to evolution. How is evolvability compatible with recursive production [1] ... 

Finally, the integrator tool is used to synchronize the parallel work performed in the previous step. This involves information flow in both directions. First, the simulation results are propagated from the simulation model back to the PFD. Second, the extensions are propagated from the PFD to the simulation model. After these propagations have been performed, mutual consistency is re-established. 

Synchronization is a fundamental phenomenon found in nonlinear oscillatory systems [12]. The most prominent example, known since long time ago (Huygens, 1665), is the adjustment to a common frequency of two pendulum clocks with slightly different frequencies, coupled via a common support. This type of synchronization between two coupled systems is called mutual synchronization. In the following we are interested in the synchronization of a system to a periodic driving, called forced synchronization. In a synchronized state the systems dynamics is entrained to the signal, i.e. the system inherits the very same frequency of the signal (1 1 synchronization) or the frequencies are locked with some rational n m relation. This... 

J. K. White, M. Matus, and J. V. Moloney. Achronal generalized synchronization in mutually coupled semiconductor lasers. Phys. Rev. E, 65 036229,... 

The question arises as to whether or how these local communities might mutually synchronize after coupling. In general, synchronization arises as an interplay of the interaction and the frequency mismatch between the... 

Rul kov, N.F., A.R. Volkovskii, A. Rodriguez-Lozano, E. Del Rio M.G. Velarde. 1992. Mutual synchronization of chaotic self-oscillators with dissipative coupling. Int. J. Bif. Chaos 2 669-76. 

A synchronous generator (and a synchronous motor) can be represented by many inductances and reactances to account for transformer-type induction, rotational induction, mutual coupling between windings, leakage and self-induction, magnetising and excitation induction and the effects of the pole-face damper windings. Extremely complex equivalent circuits have been developed for synchronous machines, see References 1 and 2 as examples. 

The absence of the field winding can be used to convert the mathematical model of the synchronous machine into one for an induction machine. In addition the mutual inductance in the < -axis is made equal to mumal inductance in the d-axis, i.e. the machine becomes symmetrical in both axes. The matrix equations (20.6) to (20.16) are modified as shown below. In these equations the mutual inductances Mj and become M, Lim and Lihq become L/j., Rjut and R/aj become Rk. All the derived reactances and time constants for an induction machine are equivalent to those appUcable to the g-axis of the synchronous machine. 

Comments. In eclat contrast to the pre-conceived view of mutual antagonism between chemo- and immunotherapy, in the last decade clinically documented proof is being continuously provided for the additive, even synergistic, elficacy of combined, selected and properly synchronized chemo-immunotherapy. These treatment protocols are especially valid, if the immunotherapy modality is not a form of a non-specific immunostimulation, but a tumor-specific vaccine [276, 277]. 

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