Synchronicity definition

Service factor is mentioned nowhere in the NEMA standards for lai ge machines there is no definition of it. There is no standard for temperature rise or other characteristics at the service factor overload. In fact, the standards are being changed to state that the temperature rise tables are for motors with 1.0 service factors. Neither standard synchronous nor enclosed induction motors have included service factor for several years. 

It is apparent there is a definite advantage to operating under solvent-free conditions. The specific microwave effect is here of low magnitude, but evident, because after 3 min the yield increases from 64 to 98%. Prolongation of the reaction time with classical heating led to an equivalent result. The microwave effect is rather limited here, because of a near-synchronous mechanism. 

Value chain strategy focuses on synchronized decision on business design and business rules in the value chain as summarized in the following definition. 

Summing up, a robust and easy to handle SMB-design uses 4 zones, a recycling pump fixed in respect to the columns and two pumps for the control of the outlet flow rates. Extremely high precision of all technical components of the SMB is needed. All pumps and valves have to be exactly synchronized. The flow rates should not vary by more thanl % from the preset value. All connections between the different parts of the system must be carefully optimized in order to minimize the dead volume. All columns should be stable and nearly identical in performance. If the SMB-technology is to be used in Biotechnology, GMP issues (cleaning, process and software validation) also have to be considered. In addition and as with any continuous process in that particular area, the definition of a batch could be a problem. 

According to classical theory the vibrational motion of a polyatomic molecule can be represented as a superposition of 3N-6 harmonic modes in each of which the atoms move synchronously (i.e. in phase) with a definite frequency v. These normal modes are characterized by time-dependent normal coordinates which indicate, on a mass-weighted scale, the relative displacement of the atoms from their equilibrium positions (Wilson et al., 1955). Figure 2 shows the general shape of the normal coordinates for a non-linear symmetric molecule AB2. The... 

The term chemical interference defines the interaction between synchronously proceeding complex chemical reactions. To understand this definition, one has only to reject the analogies with optics, on the one hand, and understand that chemical interference is based on ideas of chemical kinetics and the mechanism of complex chemical processes. Thus, I believe that there will be no argument about the term. 

To make this book clearer to understand, some parallels and differences between chemical conjugation and chemical interference are discussed. In definite conditions, chemical interference and chemical conjugation have the same objectives. Nevertheless, only chemical interference allows a deeper analysis of coherent synchronous chemical reactions. 

The first manifestation of VCD in the optical train of a spectrometer is the modulation of the intensity of the infrared beam in synchronization with the modulation of the polarization as the beam passes through the circular dichroic sample. The phase of the synchronization is opposite for negative and positive VCD bands. More specifically, in reference to the definition of VCD in Eq. (1), there will be a synchronization between larger transmission (smaller absorbance) and right CP radiation for positive VCD bands, and between larger transmission and left CP radiation for negative VCD bands. 

Senchenya et al. (96) have treated the adsorption of ethanol on a structural hydroxyl group (Fig. 14) using a CTP scheme and the CNDO/BW method. The separation of a molecule and cluster with respect to the z axis was optimized, the optimal values being r = 1.19 A and R = 1.28 A The adsorption energy was 23.2 kcal/mol, which was close to the experimental value (97). Note that this was essentially the two-point adsorption involving both acid and base sites. This case is quite similar to the above propylene adsorption (90). There is also no definite trend toward proton transfer from the hydroxyl group of a zeolite to the alcohol molecule. The carbocation state is also predicted to be activated. This, in turn, increases relative efficiency of the synchronous mechanism (with the same recommendation for its experimental examination). The estimation (96) of the energetics of the intermediate structures of the synchronous mechanism showed that such a mechanism is quite realistic. 

Requirement of synchronous asymmetric inductions (RSAI) All coordination modes favor transition states with equally directed asymmetric inductions (strong definition). The cases of synchronous asymmetric inductions/preferred asymmetric induction/zero total stereoselectivity have been corroborated mathematically for ligands with two coordination modes [7]. If there are more than two coordination modes, the RSAI is already valid if at least the two most stabilized transition states have synchronous asymmetric inductions (weak definition). The advantage of the RSAI is that a high total stereoselectivity can be predicted independently of solvent effects. Any antagonism... 

At this point we have expressed the Hamiltonian, the density operator and the evolution operator in Fourier space. We have introduced an effective Hamiltonian, defined in the Hilbert space of the same dimension 2 as the total time-dependent Hamiltonian itself, and we have shown how to transform operators between the two representations. The definition of the effective Hamiltonian enables us to predict the overall evolution of the spin system, despite the fact that we can not find time-points for synchronous detection, f, where Uint f) = exp —iWe//t In actual experiments the time dependent signals are monitored and after Fourier transformation they result in frequency sideband... 

The experimentally determined values of parameters Ki and K2 allow the Pigford model to be used to examine the extent of the spin-up zone on the disk surface. Before this can be done, however, an unambiguous mathematical definition for the spin-up zone is required. This was provided by Burns et al. as the location at which the radial velocity stops accelerating and starts following the decelerating profile described by the synchronized flow model as shown in Eq. (3). ... 

We had said previously, that by definition, r is defined only for CCM, and therefore cannot exceed 2 (since that marks the boundary between CCM and DCM). However in synchronous regulators (with diode replaced or supplanted by a low-drop mosfet across it), we actually never enter DCM (unless the IC is deliberately designed to mimic that mode on demand). So now, on decreasing the load, we actually continue to remain in CCM. That is because for DCM to ever occur, the inductor current must be forced to stay at least for some part of the switching cycle at zero. And to get that to happen, we need to have a reverse-biased diode that prevents the inductor current from going the other way. But in synchronous regulators, the mosfet across the diode allows reverse-conduction even if the diode is reverse-biased, so we do not get DCM. 

In this definition different m n synchronization modes are already accounted for. Eq.(2.1) can be rewritten as... 

We discuss now how the synchronization transition occurs, taking the applause in an audience as an example (experimental study of synchronous clapping is reported in [35]). Initially, each person claps with an individual frequency, and the sound they all produce is noisy.As long as this sound is weak, and contains no characteristic frequency, it does not essentially affect the ensemble. Each oscillator has its own frequency oJk, each person applauds and each firefly flashes with its individual rate, but there always exists some value of it that is preferred by the majority. Definitely, some elements behave in a very individualistic manner, but the main part of the population tends to be like the neighbor . So, the frequencies u>k are distributed over some range, and this distribution has a maximum around the most probable frequency. Therefore, there are always at least two oscillators that have very close frequencies and, hence, easily synchronize. As a result, the contribution to the mean field at the frequency of these synchronous oscillations increases. This increased component of the driving force naturally entrains other elements that have close frequencies, this leads to the growth of the synchronized cluster and to a further increase of the component of the mean field at a certain frequency. This process develops (quickly for relaxation oscillators, relatively slow for quasilinear ones), and eventually almost all elements join the majority and oscillate in synchrony, and their common output - the mean field - is not noisy any more, but rhythmic. 

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