Static States

Figure 6 Solid state static and magic-angle spinning NMR spectra of a-Mg2V2(>7.

Side arm method. Steady state static system... 

The earliest general model of adaptation to temperature in membrane lipids focused on the physical state ( static order or viscosity [= 1 / fluidity ]) of the bilayer. The finding that the physical state of membrane lipids from Escherichia coli cultured at different temperatures was similar at the different growth temperatures led to the homeoviscous adaptation hypothesis, which states that lipid composition is modified during thermal acclimation to facilitate retention of a relatively stable membrane physical state (Sinensky, 1974). At the outset of any discussion of homeoviscous adaptation, it is important to examine carefully what is meant by physical state (or the related terms static order, viscosity, and fluidity ). In such an analysis, one must also consider the physical methods that are used to make such measurements—and the limitations of these techniques. 

NUMEL - A computer aided design suite for the assessment of the steady state, static-dynamic stability and transient responses of once-through steam generators,... 

Themelis and Nicolaides (135) computed the dc-field-induced tunneling rate for the H ground state. Static electric field effects on the 2p P bound state and the doubly-excited P° resonances below the TV = 2 threshold were investigated by Ho (56). The widths of the 2j P and 2s2p P states coupled by external ac and dc fields were computed by Mercouris and Nicolaides (84). 

Solid state static C-NMR was applied to alkanes in order to address the fundamental issue of the anisotropy and alignment of the chemical-shift tensor of a CH2 group. The spectra of cyclopropane, spiropentane, cyclooctane, cyclopentane and various other compounds were obtained. It was shown that the <7cc component lying perpendicular with respect to the CCC plane of the molecules is related to the CCC bond angle. The... 

Measurement of the thermodynamic poise of redox components of electron transfer chains under coupled conditions has been used extensively in the mitochondrial field to analyze through "cross-over points" the contributions to different spans to the work required to drive ATP synthesis, or maintain the proton gradient. In the work described in this paper, a steady state approach has been developed by which the redox poise of the electron transfer chain, the electron flux and H -gradient could be simultaneously monitored, and the approach to the coupled steady-state (static head) could be followed kinetically on illumination of chromatophores from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. 

The combinations of Eqs. 1-3 give the following equation as the life of a ceramic component under steady state static fatigue as a function of applied stress. 

D. Massiot, I. Faman, N. Gautier, D. Trumeau, P. Florian, P.J. Grandinetti, Ga, Ga solid-state static, MAS and DAS NMR study of p-Ga203, J. Chim. Phys. Phys. Chim. Biol. 92 (1995) 1847-1850. 

J.Gyenis, J. Nemeth and J. Arva, Gravity Mixing of Solid Particle Systems in Steady-State Static Mixer Tubes, Sm ws CAc/w. 13(5), pp. 51-55,1991. 

Commercially available equipment is used for solid-state static, MAS, OFF-MAS and double rotation techniques, and precautions have to be taken to discriminate between resonance signals and rotation side-bands by measuring the spectra at different spinning frequencies. The information that can be extracted from spectra under the static versus nonstatic conditions (where quadrupole perturbations, dipole interaction and chemical shift anisotropy... 

Design optimization can be done in different ways. Often, weight or volume in minimize during steady-state static analysis with one load case. Design variables in such optimizations are element properties. Design constraints may include upper and lower limit on these properties. Performance constraints are usually maximum allowable... 

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