Swelling of polymer

At sufficiently high pressure, the absorption of certain gases can result in substantial swelling of the polymer this can be beneficial or deleterious. The solubility of gases in amorphous polymers is important in a variety of membrane and polymer technologies. In membrane technology, it has been shown that membrane performance is dependent on the solubility of the 

The swelling of PMMA over the same temperature and pressure ranges is shown in figure 12.20. Each of the isotherms exhibits very similar behavior. 

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CJ Durning, KN Morman. Nonlinear swelling of polymer gels. J Chem Phys 98 4275-4293, 1993. 

A further test of the validity of ideal network theory can be obtained through studies of the equilibrium swelling of polymer networks (Eq. 11-22). The maximum amount of information can be extracted by inducing changes in the equilibrium swelling preferably combined with unidirectional stress-strain data (Eqs. III-21, 26 and 27). 

Hermans, J. J. Deformation and swelling of polymer networks containing comparatively long chains. Trans. Faraday Soc. 43, 591 (1947). 

Mijnlibff, P. F., and W. J. M. Jaspers Thermodynamics of swelling of polymer-network gels. Analysis of excluded volume effects in polymer solutions and polymer networks. J. Polymer Sci. A-2 (in press). 

So far in this chapter we have looked into the viscous phenomena associated with the flow of polymer melts in capillaries. We now turn to the phenomena that are related to melt elasticity, namely (a) swelling of polymer melt extrudates (b) large pressure drops at the capillary entrance, compared to those encountered in the flow of Newtonian fluids and (c) capillary flow instabilities accompanied by extmdate defects, commonly referred to as melt fracture. ... 

Amperometric biosensors—Continued permselective coatings, increased selectivity and stability, 125-131 Analyte-induced swelling of polymers, transduction, 301... 

Based on these encouraging achievements, in the last five or six years, the interest of the researchers shifted from easy-to-compute polymer penetrant systems to those which have interesting technological potentials in such fields as gas barriers (114— 117), gas or liquid separation processes (118-121), molded objects (packagings for example) (122) or swelling of polymers by solvents (123-126). 

Also for the solubility (degree of swelling) of polymers in solvents it holds in general that this is only appreciable if the specific cohesion of polymer and solvent do not differ too much13. Thus rubber (VU/V 7.9) is soluble in most solvents... 

This process of molecular diffusion is governed by the difference in chemical potentials of the monomer in the two droplets. Morton s equation has been successfully used to describe the swelling of polymer particles with monomer [32]. According to this equation, the chemical potential of the monomer in a droplet of radius rp(p[ 0 in the presence of polymer is given by ... 

Otsuki Y, Kajiwara T and Funatsu K (1997) Numerical simulations of annular extrudate swell of polymer melts. Polym Eng Sci 37 1171-81. 

Potential interactions of a supercritical fluid with a polymeric material may include the following (i) sorption of carbon dioxide by polymers (ii) swelling of polymers by carbon dioxide (Hi) dissolution of polymers in carbon dioxide (iv) dissolution of carbon dioxide in polymers (v) plasticization and decrease of the glass transition... 

Swelling of Polymer Films Ex Situ Sample Preparation Spin-coating... 

Pervaporation (PV) membranes were developed for the dehydration of ethanol and other organic solvents. Therefore, the dense selective layer is made of polyvinyl alcohol, which is one of the most hydrophilic materials (see Table 2). Water is preferentially sorbed to polyvinyl alcohol and also preferentially transported. To suppress the excessive swelling of polymer in water, polyvinyl alcohol is partially cross-linked by dialdehydes such as glutaraldehyde. ... 

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