Sutherland, Earl

Sutherland, Earl W., Jr. (1915-1974) American Pharmacologist Earl Sutherland was born on November 19, 1915, in Burlingame, Kansas. He received a B.S. from Washburn College in 1937 and an M.D. from the Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine in 1942. 

Earl Sutherland of Vanderbilt University won the 1971 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for uncovering the role of cAMP as a second messenger in connection with his studies of the fight or flight hormone epineph rine (Section 27 6)... 

The Coris found that the interconversion of phosphor-ylases a and b is catalyzed by another enzyme, and subsequent work by Earl Sutherland showed that this process is under hormonal control. In muscle, conversion of phosphorylase b to a is stimulated by epinephrine in liver, it is stimulated by both epinephrine and the pancreatic hormone glucagon. The structural basis for the difference between the two forms of phosphorylase remained unknown until the late 1950s, when Edwin Krebs and Edmund Fischer showed that phosphorylase a has a phosphate on serine 14. This phosphate is absent in the b form of the enzyme. Krebs and Fischer also showed that the kinase that catalyzes the addition of the phosphate is itself regulated by a phosphorylation catalyzed by another enzyme, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase ... 

Hormone Experiments in Cell-Free Systems In the 1950s, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., and his... 

Cyclic AMP (= cAMP) (cyclic nucleotide) Earl Sutherland (USA, Nobel Prize, Medicine, 1971, cAMP as second messenger) Edwin Krebs Edmond Fischer (USA, Nobel Prize, Medicine, 1992, PKA)... 

Earl Sutherland (USA, Nobel 8.1 Prize, Medicine, 1971 cAMP as Yuichiro Nishizuka (Japan, second messenger) Paul PKC), Phillip Cohen (UK,... 

Sutherland died on March 9, 1974, in Miami, Florida. The Earl Sutherland Prize award is presented annually by the chancellor of Vanderbilt University to a Vanderbilt faculty member who has made a nationally recognized impact in a particular discipline. 

The first total chemical synthesis of epinephrine was accomplished by F. Stolz et al in 1904. In 1950, Earl Sutherland was the first to demonstrate that epinephrine (and glucagon) induces glycogenolysis. This marked the beginning of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which hormones act. 

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