Sustainable methods

Methanol is known as wood alcohol. Generally, methanol is easier to find than ethanol. Sustainable methods of methanol production are currently not economi-... 

Organic dairy has many faces and models in likeness to conventional dairy. The original model is family farm based, and I believe the more sustainable method. Family farmers who grow at least 50% of their feed, and are active in the day-to-day management of the farm appear to have good success. By trading off their physical labour, they return more dollars to the acre than the conventional farmer. The second model is the modem model where cattle are kept en masse, and feed is brought to them. This model has many of... 

Samaddar, P., Sen, K. Review. Cloud point extraction a sustainable method of elemental preconcentration and speciation. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20, 1209-1219 (2014)... 

Confronted with the often expensive methods used to synthesise nanomaterials, which involve the use of hazardous chemicals, there is a growing concern to develop environmental-friendly and sustainable methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles of different compositions, sizes, shapes, and controlled dispersity, particularly using a green chemistry approach which interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. 

The novelty of this study was the preparation method of silica having a high number of surface silanol groups but very low number of adsorbed water molecules. The synthesis procedure consisted in obtaining a sol-gel silica cosynthesized or functionalized by covalent attachment of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, respectively. These hybrid solids were tested in a sustainable method of transesterification of P- ketoesters. 

Developing more sustainable methods to access optically active building blocks such as cx-halogenated compounds is a valuable endeavour. An early approach towards the direct organocatalytic asymmetric ot-chlorination of aldehydes was achieved by the Jorgenson group employing... 

The ultimate solution for decentralised production of hydrogen should be based on sustainable methods such as electrolysis or steam reforming of biofuels. Still, the economy is not attractive [326]. 

The club mosses are the only natural sources of lycopodium alkaloids and they are vulnerable slow-growing plants which are very difficult to cultivate in addition, their alkaloid content is low, e.g., about 0.005-0.025 %inH. serrata for the much demanded hupA [17]. At present, the market is supplied with H. serrata plant material and isolated hupA primarily from the wild growing plants of H. serrata and other Huperzia species in China, which are subsequently becoming endangered species [3, 8]. Accordingly, it is important to find sustainable methods to produce these compounds. The synthesis of hupA has been studied since 1989 and different approaches have been reported in the literature but none of them seem to be industrially feasible [17]. However, a new eight-step enantioselective synthetic route to hupA in 35 5 % yield was recently published by Tun et al., and the authors conclude that the method will provide a reliable supply of this compotmd for future applications [33]. 

Microreactor Technology In the last years, some examples of Radziszewski reaction have been reported using microreactor technology, which allows the development of more sustainable methods thanks to the miniaturization and increased safety and efficiency [60, 61]. In particular, the Stevens and the Orru groups developed in cooperation a procedure for the continuous production of highly substituted imidazoles [62, 63]. They were motivated by the possibility of making the method previously reported by Orra [64] more interesting for industrial applications. The latest procedure... 

As biopolymers capture a larger market share, the measurement of their life cycle environmental impacts will be important to enable consumers and producers to identify more sustainable methods of use, production and disposal for such products. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that quantifies the environmental sustainability of biobased polymers from cradle to grave. ... 

Mahdavinejad, M., Javanmdi, K., 2012. Assessment of ancient fridges a sustainable method to storage ice in hot-arid climates. Asian Cult. Hist. 4 (2), 133-139. 

Arup, Ove, and Partners. 1996. Green Construction Handbook. Bristol, U.K. J T Design Bnild Limited. Advice for the construction industry on sustainable methods and materials. 

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