Survival estimate tables

Creating Kaplan-Meier Survival Estimates Tables... 

Here is the SAS program that creates this survival estimate table, followed by notes for the program and then the program output. 

Program 5.7 Kaplan-Meier Survival Estimates Table... 

CREATE 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL AROUND THE ESTIMATE AND RETAIN PROPER SURVIVAL ESTIMATE FOR TABLE. data survivalest set survivalest ... 

Estimated world production capacity for elemental phosphoms is shown in Table 5 (6). Three elemental phosphoms production sites remain operational in North America (14), although Rhc ne Poulenc has announced its intention to cease production in late 1995. The remaining plants have survived owing to the availabiUty of economical electric power in the Northwest and proximity to phosphate ore deposits, resulting in lower cost phosphoms. The capacity of these producers in 1995 was estimated to be 264,000 metric tons. U.S. production capacity peaked at approximately 622,000 metric tons in 1970. 

TABLE 86-4. Estimated Stage at Presentation and 5-Year Disease-Free Survival (DFS) Breast Cancer... 

You can see that the New Drug displays better survival probabilities over time than Old Drug or Placebo. You can easily convert this table to a table of Kaplan-Meier failure estimates by replacing survprob = survival with survprob = failure in Program 5.7. 

Although the (3-nc orbital is formally vacant in the cation, Table 3.7 shows that a small residual population (0.0346c) survives in this orbital. This occupancy can be attributed to a strong donor-acceptor interaction with the filled no orbital as depicted in Fig. 3.14. This n0 nc interaction is estimated by second-order perturbation theory (Eq. (1.24)) to stabilize the ion by 19.5 kcal mol-1, a significant delocalization that is primarily responsible for the slightly lower %p(L) value in this ion. 

The risks of d)dng in any particular year (Table 15.1) from a variety of causes gives some idea of the relative risks of a variety of life events, but in the case of drugs it is not only death that is a concern it is the possibility of survival with long-term or permanent disability. The mortality risks from a number of diseases (Table 15.2) make useful comparisons when considering the relative risks of taking medication. Similar tabulations of the risks associated with life events (Table 15.3) in the United States shows the estimated effects of certain common activities when continued for defined periods of time. 

Using data shown in Figure 13.4, we used ordinary least squares to estimate the effect of the probability of survival to age 65 on life expectancy at birth and found a significantly positive association between these two measures a 10% increase in probability of survival to age 65 was associated with a 1.3% increase in life expectancy. This result, combined with the estimates in Tables 13.2 and 13.3, implies that a 10% increase in the stock of pharmaceutical innovation would lead to an increase in life expectancy at birth by 0.10% (i.e., 0.8% X 1.3%) to 0.18% (1.4% x 1.3%). 

Gehan FA (1969) Estimating survival functions from the life table Journal of Chronic Diseases, 21, 629-644... 

Figure 10.5. Mass-age distribution of carbonate rocks and other sedimentary rock types plotted as survival rate (S) versus age. Total rock mass data from Gregor (1985) and estimates of carbonate rock mass from Table 10.1.

So far predictive models only apply to a small proportion of patients and are not sufficiently accurate to inform treatment decisions in routine clinical practice. The various subtypes of ischemic stroke have very different outcomes patients with total anterior circulation infarction (TACI) have just as poor an outcome as those with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (Table 16.1). The best single predictor of early death is impaired consciousness, but many other predictors of survival have been identified (Table 16.2). Many of these variables are inter-related, but prognostic models based on independent variables do not provide much more information than an experienced clinician s estimate (Counsell and Dennis 2001 Counsell et al. 2002). 

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