Surveillance monitoring rivers

Fig. 6 Spatial location of sampling sites from the AquaTerra Project surveillance monitoring over the Ebro River basin...

It is recommended to consider available monitoring data which has to be reported according to other European Directives, international river and seas conventions (e.g., 76/464/EWG, Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC, OSPAR JAMP) for the purpose of surveillance monitoring where appropriate. 

Related to the sampling frequency, the Water Framework Directive requires that surveillance monitoring shall be carried out at each monitoring site during one year in the period covered by the river basin management plan. 

However, the Ministry of Environment of Spain proposes a higher frequency than required by the Water Framework Directive for the first river basin management plan in order to satisfy information needs. In this way, surveillance monitoring shall be... 

A widely used instmment for air monitoring is a type of ionization chamber called a Kaimn chamber. Surface contamination is normally detected by means of smears, which are simply disks of filter paper wiped over the suspected surface and counted in a windowless proportional-flow counter. Uptake of tritium by personnel is most effectively monitored by urinalyses normally made by Hquid scintillation counting on a routine or special basis. Environmental monitoring includes surveillance for tritium content of samples of air, rainwater, river water, and milk. 

A large number of sediment analyses, which have been performed for the inventory, monitoring and surveillance of pollution in aquatic systems have clearly shown that it is imperative, particularly for river sediments, to base these data on a standardized procedure with regard to particle size. With a typical example, taken from the study of Wilber Hunter (1979) on metal pollution in the Saddle River, the situation can be demonstrated. Figure 3-3 compares the dependencies of zinc concentrations from the grain size in two selected samples taken upstream and downstream of an urbanized area of Lodi, New Jersey. In the less contaminated material from rive mile 16.6 a general decrease of zinc concen-... 

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