Surgical training

The results of initial experimental apphcations in microsurgery and micro-surgical training substantiate the remarkable advantages of this nanostruc-tured polysaccharide handhng in an easy and practice-orientated way, blood and tissue compatibihty, consistency comparable to that of the blood vessel, and vitahzation in the living body. 

Kneebone, R. and Aggarwal, R. (2009) Surgical training using simulation. British Medical Journal, 338, blOOl. 

Note that this hybrid architecture has applications also outside abdominal telesurgery. The requirement to have a large work space and a high transparency is also found in virtual reality-based surgical training. In this field, a similar robot was developed and successfully used for the training of the basic skills involved in maxilla facial surgery [28-29]. 

Traditionally, surgical training has been an apprenticeship model. The assumption was that the more time you spent under the tutelage of a master, the better you were trained. There have not been validated models to test technical ability. The advent of MAS and the need to train residents in a safe, time-efficient manner has led to the development of validated tools in the... 

Traditionally, surgeons have adopted the see one, do one, teach one approach to surgical training. This Halstedian approach is rapidly becoming outdated, as work hours become restricted and new technology enables better learning. Work hour limitations in North America and the European... 

Barden CB, Specht MC, McCarter MD, Daly JM, Fahey III T(. EfFects of limited work hours on surgical training. J Am CoU Surg 2002 195 531-8. 

Sarker SK, Patel B. Simulation and surgical training. Int J Clin Pract December 2007 61(12) 2120-5. 

Hammoud MM, Nuthalapaty PS, Goepfert AR, et al. To the point medical education review of the role of simulators in surgical training. Am J Ohstet Gynecol October... 

Eckstein HH, Schmidh J, Schumacher H, Gurke L, Klemm IQ DuschekN, Meile T, As-sadian A Rationale, scope, and 20-year ejq)e-rience of vascular surgical training with lifelike pulsatile flow models. J Vase Surg 2013 57 1422-1428. 

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