Surfactant-like anions technique

There are a number of reagents which precipitate classes of surfactants. Many anionics are at least partially precipitated as the salts of divalent cations like barium and calcium. The precipitation of ethoxylated nonionics with molybdophosphoric acid in the presence of divalent cations may be used as the basis of a preparative separation from other surfactants (21). Similar reactions are covered in Chapter 17 with gravimetric techniques. 

To use templates or envelopes as a controlled reaction space was developed in the early 1980s, such as the use of inverse micelle technique (4). Another fundamental idea is to use the atomic periodicity of surfactant molecules by using them as surface ligands for sequential addition of anions and cations under the concept of semiconductive compounds like CdSe as a living polymer (3). 

Equations (87)-(89) can be used to interpret data from expansion-relaxation experiments see, for example. Refs. 39, 83, and 84. Fitting the experimental data for the interfacial dilatation, one can in principle determine the Gibbs elasticity, Eq, the diffusion relaxation time, t and the dilatational surface viscosity, (or The latter is accessible to the accuracy of the aforementioned experimental techniques for high-molecular-weight surfactants and proteins sometimes, (or -qd,) can be determined also for low-molecular-weight anionic surfactants, but in the presence of multivalent counterions (like... 

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