Surfactant-induced changes

C. Surfactant-Induced Changes in Skin Barrier Properties... 

Liu M. and D. Roy (1995). Surfactant-induced interactions and hydraulic conductivity changes in soil. Waste Management 15 463 70. 

Denda, M., Koyama, J., Takahashi, M., and Horii, I. Changes of sphingolipids and free amino acids in surfactant induced scaly skin. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. Jpn. 27 589-596 (1994). 

Misra, M., Ananthapadmanabhan, K.P., Hoyberg, K., Gursky, R.P., Prowell, S., and Aronson, M., Correlation between surfactant-induced ultrastructural changes in epidermis and transepidermal water... 

A third class is phase inversion. Here, emulsions are made by starting with an emulsion in which the ultimate continuous phase is the dispersed phase and vice versa. Then by adding more and more dispersed phase, one can induce the emulsion to suddenly invert (catastrophic inversion). Alternatively, one can choose the surfactant system such that, for example, by a temperature change, the surfactant system changes from favouring the initial emulsion to favouring an inverted emulsion. This is called transitional phase inversion. 

Organic solvents also induce changes in the properties of surfactant-coated stationary phases, such as polarity, surface area, or pore volume. Several studies have demonstrated that /i-alcohols interpenetrate the Cig-bonded alkyl chains to form a single monolayer, structurally similar to an opened micelle (i.e., the hydroxyl group orientated toward the aqueous phase). The competition between organic solvent and surfactant molecules for the active sites on the column explains the reduction of adsorbed surfactant at increasing concentration of organic solvent in the mobile phase. For ionic surfactants, this... 

The solubility of hydrocarbons in water is greatly enhanced by the presence of surfactants. Similarly, the addition of hydrocarbons to aqueous surfactant solution induces change in the physical properties of the surfactant (24, 25). Thus, the quantitative analysis of the partitioning of hydrocarbons between micelle interior and aqueous phase has been a subject of numerous studies. Among the many techniques used to determine the partitioning, only fluorescence (26), FT-pulsed-gradient spin echo NMR (27), and recently, Raman spectroscopy (28) have demonstrated sufficient sensitivity. 

Water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolytes interact with oppositely charged surfactants forming polymer-surfactant complexes. The polymer urfactant interaction induces changes in the conformation [22[ and optical properties [22-24] of the pol3nner including narrowed absorption and enhanced fluorescence quantum efficiency. In addition, the fluorescence quenching efficiency of... 

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