Surface Tension of Aqueous Mixtures

Surface Tension of Aqueous Mixtures, 6-153 Surface Tension of Common Licpiids, 6-149 to 152... 

We have only found five papers presenting experimental measurements of the surface tension of aqueous mixtures of ILs, four of them for systems with alkyl-MIM (Yang et al., 2007 Liu et al, 2006 Liu et al., 2008 Rilo et al., 2009), one for EMIM-ES (TorreciUa et al., 2008) and another one for halogenated alkyl-MIM (Liu et al, 2008). One of the references cited is the only found that includes data for mixtures with ethanol (Rilo et al., 2009). Thus, in Figure 35 we show data for aqueous mixtures of alkyl-MIM-BF, where we observe a sharp drop of <7 from pure water value for very small IL concentrations. From that sharp drop surface tension is nearly constant equal to that of the pure IL, indep>endently of the solvent concentration. The other authors that measure the same samples do not study the range of very diluted samples, and so they do not repwrt the sharp drop, being the data in... 

The bulk properties of mixed solvents, especially of binary solvent mixtures of water and organic solvents, are often needed. Many dielectric constant measurements have been made on such binary mixtures. The surface tension of aqueous binary mixtures can be quantitatively related to composition. ... 

Figure 4, Surface tension of aqueous solutions of RDH-Cio SNa mixtures at 30 C(with NaCl, ionic strength =...

Relationship between the variation of surface tension of aqueous phase of reaction mixture and the number of polymer particles produced ... 

The surface tension of binary mixtures of water + monoethanolamine and water + 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol and tertiary mixtures of these amines with water from 25 to 50°C have been reported. = The surface tension of aqueous solutions of diethanolamine and triethanolamine from 25 to 50°C have been analyzed. ... 

The composition dependence of the surface tension of binary mixtures of severed compounds with water is given in this table. The data are tabulated as a function of the mass percent of the non-aqueous component. Data for methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol are taken from Reference 1, which also gives values at other temperatures. 

Kunz W, BeUoni L, Bernard O, Ninham BW (2004) Osmotic coefficients and surface tensions of aqueous electrolyte solutions role of dispersion forces. J Phys Chem B 108 2398-2404 Lee L-H (2000) The gap between the measured and calculated liquid-liquid interfacial tensions derived from contact angles. J Adhesion Sci Technol 14 167-185 Li ZX, Lu JR, Styrkas SA, Thomas RK, Rennie AR, Penfold L (1993) The structure of the surface of ethanol/water mixtures. Mol Phys 80 925-939 LoNostro P, Fratoni L, Ninham BW, Baglioni P (2002) Water absorbency by wool fibers hofmeiter effect. Biomacromol 3 1217-1224... 

Marcus Y (2008) Properties of individual ions in solution. In Bostrelli DV (ed) Solution chemistry research progress. Nova Science pubhshers, Inc., Hauppauge, p 51-68 Marcus Y (2008a) Clustering in hquid mixtures of water and acetonitrile. In Bostrelli DV (ed) Solution chemistry research progress. Nova Science, Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge pp 1-4 Marcus Y (2010) Surface tension of aqueous electrolytes and ions. J ChemEng Data 55 3641-3644 Marcus Y (201 la) Unpublished results... 

Miller, R., Aksenenko, E.V., Liggieri, L., Ravera, E, Ferrari, M., and Fainerman, V.B., Effect of the reorientation of oxyethylated alcohol molecules within the surface layer on equilibrium and dynamic surface pressure, Langmuir, 15, 1328, 1999. Mulqueen, M., Datwani, S.S., Stebe, K.J., and Blankenstein, D., Dynamic surface tensions of aqueous surfactant mixtures experimental investigation, Langmuir, 17, 7494, 2001. 

The first test was an assessment of surface activity of SML/ESMIS mixtures. Surface tension (o) measurements of their aqueous solutions at concentrations of 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 2%, and 4 wt% were made. A TDl Lauda tensiometer was used. The test was carried out at 20°C. The dependences of surface tension of aqueous SML/ESMIS solutions vs. concentration are presented in fig. 18.2. 

The vapor-liquid interface data must be estimated under transfer conditions. The ketone behaves like an hydrophobic material and tends to be rejected from the water phase by preferentially concentrating on the surface. In such a case the bulk concentrations are very different from the surface concentrations and so are the activity coefficients (19-). it is reasonable to suppose that in vapor pressure relations for mixtures, surface compositions play a more important role than bulk compositions. That is why we have correlated the vapor phase compositions to the surface concentrations by mean of the UNIFAC method of activity coefficients determination (20) and by the relation of Tamura et al (21) giving the surface tension for aqueous mixtures. 

We have considered the surface tension behavior of several types of systems, and now it is desirable to discuss in slightly more detail the very important case of aqueous mixtures. If the surface tensions of the separate pure liquids differ appreciably, as in the case of alcohol-water mixtures, then the addition of small amounts of the second component generally results in a marked decrease in surface tension from that of the pure water. The case of ethanol and water is shown in Fig. III-9c. As seen in Section III-5, this effect may be accounted for in terms of selective adsorption of the alcohol at the interface. Dilute aqueous solutions of organic substances can be treated with a semiempirical equation attributed to von Szyszkowski [89,90]... 

Surface tensions for aqueous solutions are more difficult to predict than those for nonaqueous mixtures because of the nonlinear dependence on mole fraction. Small concentrations of the organic material may significantly affect the mixture surface tension value. For many binary organic-water mixtures, the method of Tamura, Kurata, and Odanfi maybe used ... 

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