Surface speciation/structure of the deposited precursor species

The variation of the impregnation parameters mentioned before may change the speciation in the solution, in cases where more than one of TMIS are present, and the surface speciation of the receptor hydro(oxo)-groups. Thus, this variation may cause dramatic changes in the mode of interfacial deposition and the surface speciation/structure of the deposited precursor species as well. 

Determining the Mode of Interfacial Deposition and the Surface Speciation/structure of the Deposited Precursor Species... 

Several spectroscopic techniques are used for investigating the surface speciation/structure of the deposited precursor species [39-46]. The X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) related techniques are very useful. These allows identification of the kind of atoms surrounding a transition element deposited on the support surface as well as the number of each kind of these atoms and the distances of the transition element from the surrounding atoms. The first and the second coordination sphere can be rather safely probed. Deposition studies on polycrystalline oxidic supports or on monocrystals exposing a certain crystal face have been reported (e.g. the deposition of the... 

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