Surface quaternary amine

Microbiocides may be toxic to humans therefore, care must be taken when used. When selecting the microbiocide, the field engineer can obtain pertinent information on chemicals from the service company providing the chemicals. The microbiocide selected must be compatible with the system in which it is being used. Some chemicals such as quaternary amines have dual functions one as microbiocides and the other as film-forming corrosion inhibitors. Insufficient concentrations of this type of chemical may not be enough to coat the whole surface of metal and can cause pitting corrosion. The selection must also depend on chemicals that can produce the desired control in minimum time limits and... 

Laboratory tests with quaternary amine additives showed a very low surface colonization and lower corrosion rates [556]. On the other hand, the biocidal effect of quaternary amines in the test fluids appeared to be minimal. These results suggest that quaternary amines may prevent MIC by mechanisms other... 

Although atropine and related compounds possess bronchodilator activity, their use is associated with the typical spectrum of anticholinergic side effects (see Chapter 13), and they are no longer used in the treatment of asthma. To improve the clinical utility of anticholinergics, quaternary amine derivatives of atropine were developed. By virtue of their positive charge, these drugs are absorbed poorly across mucosal surfaces and thus produce fewer side effects than atropine, especially when given by inhalation. 

Organically modified clays are mixtures of anthracite and bentonite clay or bulk clay. The surface of the clay is usually activated after treating with a quaternary amine. These clays are employed only in the purification of gas streams. 

Traditionally, low crosslinked porous polymers modified by sulfonic or carboxylic acid groups (quaternary amines for the separation of cations) were the most widely used stationary phases. In recent years, silica-based chemically bonded or surface-modified (e.g. alumina treated) ion exchangers have found increasing use [159,484-488]. The trend towards increased use of modern porous polymer and silica-based materials is due to their higher performance and greater dimensional stability with different mobile phase compositions. 

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