Surface modifying finishes

Fibre surface modifying finishes using plasma and radiation technologies... 

Clearly, it is the exoenzymes that are of interest in textile processing, an area which has seen considerable development in recent years. Originally used only in the preparatory processes of scouring and desizing, they are now also used to modify textile surfaces in finishing as well as in effluent treatment. 

P. Ganesan, Y.I. Choi, S.P. Kumaraguru, B.N. Popov, Development of corrosion-resistant sihca coatings on surface modified zinc-coated steel, J. Appl. Surf Finish. 2 (2007) 20-28. 

Lanco PP 1362D Lanco Glidd 2312 Lanco Glidd 2418 Lanco Glidd 6445 surface modifier, wood finishes Lanco SM 2001 Lanco SM 2003 Lanco SM 2005 Lanco TF 1725 Lanco TF 1725 EF... 

Y Shin, K Son, D 1 Yoo, S Hudson, M McCord, S. Matthews and Y. J. Whang, Functional finishing of nonwoven fabric accessibility of surface modified PET iq)unbond by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment , Journal of Appl Polymer Sci, 20061004306-4310. 

Slip agents. Slip agents or slip additives are the terms used by industry for those modifiers that impart a reduced coefficient of friction to the surface of finished products. Slip agents can significantly improve the handling qualities of polyolefins and, to a lesser extent, PVC, in film and bag applications. They help speed up film production and... 

Chlorination is also carried out to modify the NR surface of finished products. It produces chemical and physical changes on the modified surface, for example improving oil resistance, and reducing the tackiness and frictional resistance in household NR gloves. Many techniques such as plasma chlorination, acidified hypochlorite solution, chloramines solution and trichloroisocyanuric acid solution have been used to modify the NR surface. The treatment is usually performed using acidified hypochlorite. It was reported that undesirable reactions, e.g. cyclization and chain scission, may also occur. However, the cyclized structures of the NR molecules are absent in the case of NR latex films chlorinated in the aqueous phase. 

In the formulation of early elastomer-based adhesives, it was soon learned that a simple system consisting of natural rubber alone gave only marginal performance as a finished adhesive. Most commercially available synthetic elastomers have little tack, either to themselves or to other surfaces. Modifiers were found to contribute improvement in the adhesive performance characteristics. 

The principal problems for sdicone mbber as a viable lens material are the nonpolar nature, which gives Hpid deposits and wettabdity problems and the tendency to adhere to the cornea. Efforts to modify the sdicone lens surface for improved wettabdity have achieved limited success. These efforts include grafting hydrophilic monomers, such as HEMA, GM (150), and NVP (151—153), to the lens surface and plasma treatments of finished lenses. Efforts to improve the movement of sdicone lenses on the cornea with various lens designs have not been successfld, and the cause of lens—cornea adherence, which is not an exclusive problem of sdicone lenses, is an active area of research. 

In addition to acting as impact modifiers a number of polymeric additives may be considered as processing aids. These have similar chemical constitutions to the impact modifiers and include ABS, MBS, chlorinated polyethylene, acrylate-methacrylate copolymers and EVA-PVC grafts. Such materials are more compatible with the PVC and are primarily included to ensure more uniform flow and hence improve surface finish. They may also increase gelation rates. In the case of the compatible MBS polymers they have the special function already mentioned of balancing the refractive indices of the continuous and disperse phases of impact-modified compound. 

The next major bonded phase project was the development of the GBR resin, which stands for modified glucose bonded on both the backbone and the ring of basic PDVB gels. The manufacture of this product was ultimately achieved, as outlined later. The gel is first brominated, which places bromine atoms on both tertiary hydrogens of the PDVB. The brominated gel is then reacted with chlorosulfonic acid, and a specially treated reduced D-glucosamine is coupled to the gel. This process has the potential to covalently bond up to three sugar residues to each available divinylbenzene residue in the PDVB polymer. The exact reaction conditions used are proprietary however, the surface of the finished product is believed to look similar to Figs. 13.11 and 13.12. 

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