Surface modification and functionalization

Patterns of ordered molecular islands surrounded by disordered molecules are common in Langmuir layers, where even in zero surface pressure molecules self-organize at the air—water interface. The difference between the two systems is that in SAMs of trichlorosilanes the island is comprised of polymerized surfactants, and therefore the mobihty of individual molecules is restricted. This lack of mobihty is probably the principal reason why SAMs of alkyltrichlorosilanes are less ordered than, for example, fatty acids on AgO, or thiols on gold. The coupling of polymerization and surface anchoring is a primary source of the reproducibihty problems. Small differences in water content and in surface Si—OH group concentration may result in a significant difference in monolayer quahty. Alkyl silanes remain, however, ideal materials for surface modification and functionalization apphcations, eg, as adhesion promoters (166—168) and boundary lubricants (169—171). 

Donelli M, Taddei P, Smet P F et al (2009) Enzymatic surface modification and functionalization of PET. A water contact angle, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy study. Biotechnol Bioeng 103 845-856... 

Figure 13.15 Schematic representation of synthesis and surface modification of nanoparticles [54]. (Reproduced with permission from W.J. Rieter et al., Surface modification and functionalization of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for controlled release and luminescence sensing, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129, 9852-9853, 2007. 2007 American Chemical Society.)...

Ruckenstein E, Li ZF (2005) Surface modification and functionalization through the self-assembled monolayer and graft polymerization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 113 43-63... 

Donelli, M., Taddei, P., Smet, P.F., Poelman, D., Nierstrasz, V.A., and Freddi, G. (2009) Enzymatic Surface Modification and Functionalization of PET. A Water Contact Angle, FTIR, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Study. COST868 Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, 19.-20.2.2009. 

Surface Modification and Functionalization of Polymer Materials by y-Irradiation for Biomedical Applications... 

Surface modification and functionalization of fluoropolymer membranes can be achieved via two main approaches, viz., (a) the grafting from and (b) the grafting to approaches (Scheme 8.5). The grafting from method incorporates active sites... 

CNC is derived as nanowhiskers for use as reinforcement in biopolymers such as starch, PLA, and PHB. Apart from being biodegradable, these nano whiskers have high specific strength and stiffness. Similarly, chitin nanowhiskers are synthesized from chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. These nanowhiskers have many desirable properties for use as reinforcements, like low density, nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, easy surface modification, and functionalization. Starch nanoparticles (SNP) are synthesized from starch granules for use as reinforcement. 

Mechanistically, Sun et al. suggested that the broad visible Imniuescence could be attributed to the presence of passivated surface defects on CNTs, which serve as trapping sites for the excitation energy. The passivation as a result of the surface modification and functionalization with oligomeric and polymeric species stabilizes the emissive sites in their competition with other excited state deactivation pathways. ... 

Neouze MA, Schubert U. Surface modification and functionalization of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by organic ligands. Monatsh Chem 2008 139 183-195. 

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