Surface-glow effect

The effect of reflected light is very noticeable in an empty coke oven. The reflection coefficient of the brick walls is comparatively high. If a perfect mirror were placed parallel to a glowing surface the mirror would appear as hot as the surface. This effect of reflection takes place in a coke oven so that both walls appear of approximately equal brightness even though they may differ considerably in temperature. Frequently a patch of the wall on one side becomes coated with a layer of coke. Since the coke has a higher emissive power than brick this patch appears much hotter. 

Trigoulet, N.,Teruo, H., Molchan, I., Skeldon,P.,Thompson, G., Tempez, A., Chapon, P. (2010) Surface topography effects on glow discharge depth profiling analysis. Surf Interface Arud., 42,328-334. 

Poljraer surfaces can be easily modified with microwave or radio-frequency-energized glow discharge techniques. The polymer surface cross-links or oxidizes, depending on the nature of the plasma atmosphere. Oxidizing (oxygen) and nonoxidizing (helium) plasmas can have a wide variety of effects on polymer surface wettability characteristics (92). 

A plasma is a hot, partially-ionized gas that effectively excites and ionizes atoms [366, 534, 535]. A glow discharge is low-pressure plasma maintained between two electrodes. It is particularly effective at sputtering and ionizing material from solid surfaces. 

A wide spectrum of heterogeneous processes can occur at solid surfaces exposed to a glow discharge (5,25,27). The primary processes of interest in plasma etching (and in plasma deposition) are summarized in Table II i20). These interactions result from the bombardment of surfaces by particles. Although vacuum UV photons and soft x-rays present in the plasma are sufficiently energetic to break chemical bonds, electron and particularly ion bombardment has been found to be the most effective method of promoting surface reactions (25). 

It may be concluded from their experiments that burning occurs in a place heated to a temperature of 130°C or higher. Heat may be applied either by the direct effect of flame or by a hot metallic surface (e.g. glowing wire) heating may also result from impact, adiabatic compression of the air in the spaces between the grains of powder and finally, by mutual friction between the grains. The temper-... 

Effect of Additives. One of the first attempts to solve the preignition problem by additives was the use of tributyl phosphite, claimed in a patent by Campbell (14) This compound inhibited the catalytic activity of lead compounds in promoting the glowing of carbon. A later patent issued to Withrow claimed that trimethyl phosphate and trimethyl phosphite also are effective as fuel additives in inhibiting surface ignition due to leaded deposits (94). Street, in 1952, ran tests with tricresyl phosphate as an additive in leaded fuel and reported that the phosphorus compound affected the occurrence of lead compounds in the end-gas region of the combustion chamber (80). 

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