Surface disorder effects

Obviously the surface disordering effect of field evaporation can be... 

As to the homogeneous broadening related to the natural lifetime of the coherent surface states, this will be investigated in this section in connection with the relaxing effect of the substrate bulk, as well as in Section IV in connection with the dephasing surface disorders examined. 

For porous electrodes, an additional frequency dispersion appears. First, it can be induced by a non-local effect when a dimension of a system (for example, pore length) is shorter than a characteristic length (for example, diffusion length), i.e. for diffusion in finite space. Second, the distribution characteristic may refer to various heterogeneities such as roughness, distribution of pores, surface disorder and anisotropic surface structures. De Levie used a transmission-line-equivalent circuit to simulate the frequency response in a pore where cylindrical pore shape, equal radius and length for all pores were assumed [14]. 

Teraoka Y (1990) Surface relaxation effects on surface segregation and order-disorder transition temperatures of binary alloys. Surf Sci 238(1-3) L453-L456... 

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