Supramolecular logic gates

Other interests in the area of phosphorus acids and their derivatives has centered on the following subjects synthesis of new ligands and catalysts for known reactions, synthesis of supramolecular logic gates, use of phosphates as electrophiles in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, synthesis of phosphate based dendrimers and conjugates with oligosaccharides. 

A supramolecular hydrogel comprising the phosphate-type hydrogelator 1 exhibits macroscopic gel-sol behavior in response to four distinct input stimuli temperature, pH, Ca +, and light. This kind of supramolecular gel with multiple stimulus-response permits to elaborate gel-based supramolecular logic gates displaying AND, OR,... 

Xu H, Xu X, Dabestani R et al (2002) Supramolecular fluorescent probes for the detection of mixed alkali metal ions that mimic the function of integrated logic gates. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 636... 

Keywords Luminescence m Fluorescence m Phosphorescence a Sensors a Switches a Logic Gates a Supramolecular Systems a Truth Tables a Photoinduced Electron Transfer a Molecular-Level Devices... 

One of the most promising bottom-up approaches in nanoelectronics is to assemble 7i-conjugated molecules to build nano-sized electronic and opto-electronic devices in the 5-100 nm length scale. This field of research, called supramolecular electronics, bridges the gap between molecular electronics and bulk plastic electronics. In this contest, the design and preparation of nanowires are of considerable interest for the development of nano-electronic devices such as nanosized transistors, sensors, logic gates, LEDs, and photovoltaic devices. 

Another way of designing NOT logic gates is to arrange PET involving the input guest species (Figure 3). Examples from the supramolecular era can be illustrated from publications by Czarnik and Fabbrizzi, with 3 32,33 and 4, 34 35 respectively. 

Ji H.F. Dabestani R. Brown G.M. A supramolecular fluorescent probe, activated by protons to detect cesium and potassium ions, mimics the function of a logic gate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122. 9306-9307. 

Hemoglobins O2 Uptake and Transport, p. 636 Molecular Logic Gates, p. 893 Molecular-Level Machines, p. 931 Phthalocyanines, p. 1069 71—71 Stacking Theory and Scope, p. 1076 Potphyrin-Based Clathrates, p. 1150 Self-Assembly Definition and Kinetic and Thermodynamic Considerations, p. 1248 Self-Assembly Terminology, p. 1263 Strict Self-Assembly and Self-Assembly with Covalent Modifications, p. 1372 Supramolecular Photochemistry, p. 1434 Vitamin 8/2 and Heme Models, p. 1569... 

With precise design criteria established, supramolecular interactions have been exploited to design and synthesise new and functional mechanically interlocked molecules in high yields [9]. Over a relatively short period of time, mastery of controlled synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules has led to an extraordinary array of functional materials and molecular machines [10]. Examples of these include logic gates, sensors for explosives, anions and cations, in addition to exquisite molecules with complex topologies (such as molecular knots) that have yet to be thoroughly exploited. 

Figure 1 lays out the truth tables of some Boolean logic gates relevant to our discussion. Molecular-level examples of some of these have been detailed in a companion review titled Molecular Logic Gates, Supramolecular Devices, as well as in other reference works. Therefore, that exercise is not repeated here. Instead, we discuss logic gates... 

Komatsu, H., Matsumoto, S., Tamaru, S.-L, Kaneko, K., Ikeda, M., Hamachi, I., 2009. Supramolecular hydrogel exhibiting four basic logic gate functions to fine-tune substance release. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 5580-5585. 

Fig. 12.32 Schematic representation of the three limiting equilibrium states produced from 40 and 46 seen upon treatment with appropriate ions. (Reprinted with permission from Kim, D. S. Lynch, V. M. Park, J. S. Sessler, J. L. Three Distinct Equilibrium Slates via Self-Assembly Simple Access to a Supramolecular Ion-Controlled NAND Logic Gate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 14889-14894 [88]. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society)...

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