Suppression, thermal

Both types of insulation act to suppress thermal radiation by the intermediate shield principle. The insulation also acts to reduce the effective cell size for any residual gas in the vacuum space, thereby suppressing the thermal conductivity of the gas. In a typical commercial superinsulated dewar, there are about 50 layers of superinsulation, corresponding to a thickness of about one inch. The first few layers are the most effective in the attenuation of thermal radiation however the subsequent layers are important for the suppression of thermal conductivity of any residual gas. One can define an effective thermal conductivity for these insulations, which in the case of superinsulation is about 10 6 W/(cmK) between 300 and 4K. 

At temperatures low enough to suppress thermal decomposition, a nltrosamlde XIV In polar or non-polar solvents Is photolytlcally decomposed to amldyl and nitric oxide radicals 4,16,17,18), This Is In sharp contrast to the photostahility of nitrosamines in neutral solvents (Including acetic acid) (ii), although the pattern of photodecomposition Is similar to that of nitrosamines In dilute acidic conditions. However, the overall photolysis pattern of nltrosamldes Is complicated by disproportionation of nitric oxide and existence of a radical pair XV (20,21,22). ... 

Wilson-Gerwing TD, Dmyterko MV, Zochodne DW, Johnston JM, Verge VMK (2005) Neurotrophin-3 suppresses thermal hyperalgesia associated with neuropathic pain and attenuates transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 expression in adult sensory neurons. J Neurosci 25 758-767... 

This may favor the subsequent complexation with more macromolecules of 23b due to the suppressed thermal fluctuation and the solvation of the cations, and initiates a cascade reaction until most of the 23b is consiuned. In the case of added polyanions, however, the IPC is overall anionic, but with the negative charges on the surface of the complex. Therefore, the solvation is favored and an association of excess 23b is unfavorable. The equilibriiun at step 1 corresponds to chain initiation, and steps 2 and 3 to chain propagation. The observed phenomenon is useful for the selective separation of charged polymer systems. 

At this time, molecularly doped poled polymers appear to fall somewhat short in the magnitude of the nonlinear coeflScient (27, 28). As will be shown in the following paragraph this fact is primarily due to the competition between molecular orientation and thermal randomization. This competition emphasizes the importance of having a high concentration of dopant molecules and favorable thermodynamic factors to suppress thermal-randomization effects. 

Directly beneath the center of very strong highs, no sea breeze system is formed because the strong downwelling suppresses thermal uplift at the surface inside the high. 

To suppress thermal decomposition of HAp, the enthalpy supplied to the powder and the coating must be reduced. This can be done effectively by minimising the plasma power t] and the substrate temperature Ts but maximising the powder feed rate m, the stand-off distance a and the chamber pressure p. 

There are many benefits to a net-shaped film device apart from conformability. First, good isolation of each sensor leads to more accurate sensing. In particular, for an accurate measurement of temperature, it is very important to suppress thermal perturbation due to heat flow from neighboring regions. In a net-shaped structure, such a thermal flow can be minimized by reducing the width of the struts. Second, the net-shaped structures make possible the inclusion of various types of sensors on the film surfaces, a factor which is very important to perform accurate measurements of temperature and pressure. 

The stability of a monolayer can be dramatically increased by cementing the film with lateral chemical bonds. One example includes incorporation in the monolayers of the amide group, capable of intermolecular H-bonding with the adjacent molecules . The monolayers of amide thiol RNHCOCH2SH are 10 times more stable towards UV oxidation than the layers of the corresponding alkanethiol lacking an amide group. Enhanced electrochemical stabihty and suppressed thermal desorption of these monolayers was also reported. 

Applications In reinforced thermoset applications, the principal properties that ATH imparts are flame retardance, smoke suppression, thermal conductivity, optical translucency, and chemical stability. Aside from the benefits imparted in the above properties, the use of ATH as a resin extender also aflfords lower cost formulations with an acceptable balance of performance properties. 

The strategy used to suppress thermal undoping is to avoid the side-chain interactions by separating the side-chains from one another, or from the main chains, while maintaining enough space around the main chain for the dopants. Thermochromism and solvatochromism exhibited by these materials are also related to side-chain mobility [27,81]. 

For example, a fairly recent type of water-insoluble alkyl polyglycosides contains approximately 50% of alkyl polyglycoside and 50% fatty alcohol (Emulgade PL 68/50, Cognis). In this case, part of the fatty alcohol is removed by vacuum distillation [32], with temperatures and residence time kept as low as possible to suppress thermal decomposition (Fig. 3). 

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