Superconductor electron

Keywords high-Tc superconductor, electronic energy spectrum, tunneling spectroscopy... 

Radebaugh, R., (2003) Cryocoolers and Fhgh-rc Devices, Handbook of High-Temperature superconductor Electronics, N. Khare (ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 379-424. 

Phase distributions in electron beams can be measured to within 2n /100, which has opened the way to measuring microscopic objects and fields with ultra-high precision. These developments allow the direct observation of individual vortices in a superconductor. Electron phase microscopy can be used to clarify the fundamental and practical applications of superconductivity, especially in the field of high superconductors. 

Figure 1. A futuristd.c diip oonibining cpto-, micro-and superconductor electronic terSmologies.

These structures provide an excellent platform for the study of novel molecule-superconductor electron and energy transfer phenomena. 

Tunnelling is a phenomenon that involves particles moving from one state to another tlnough an energy barrier. It occurs as a consequence of the quantum mechanical nature of particles such as electrons and has no explanation in classical physical tenns. Tuimelling has been experimentally observed in many physical systems, including both semiconductors [10] and superconductors [11],... 

Valence electron density for the diamond structures of carbon and silicon. (Figure redrawn from Cohen M L i. Predicting New Solids and Superconductors. Science 234 549-553.)... 

Thus far the importance of carbon cluster chemistry has been in the discovery of new knowl edge Many scientists feel that the earliest industrial applications of the fullerenes will be based on their novel electrical properties Buckminsterfullerene is an insulator but has a high electron affinity and is a superconductor in its reduced form Nanotubes have aroused a great deal of interest for their electrical properties and as potential sources of carbon fibers of great strength... 

CERAMCS-ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND MATERIALSTHUCTURE] (Vol5) -in superconductors [CERAMICS AS ELECTRICAL MATERIALS] (Vol5)... 

Electrical and Electronic Applications. Silver neodecanoate [62804-19-7] has been used in the preparation of a capacitor-end termination composition (110), lead and stannous neodecanoate have been used in circuit-board fabrication (111), and stannous neodecanoate has been used to form patterned semiconductive tin oxide films (112). The silver salt has also been used in the preparation of ceramic superconductors (113). Neodecanoate salts of barium, copper, yttrium, and europium have been used to prepare superconducting films and patterned thin-fHm superconductors. To prepare these materials, the metal salts are deposited on a substrate, then decomposed by heat to give the thin film (114—116) or by a focused beam (electron, ion, or laser) to give the patterned thin film (117,118). The resulting films exhibit superconductivity above Hquid nitrogen temperatures. 

The electronic theory of metallic superconduction was established by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer in 1957, but the basis of superconduction in the oxides remains a battleground for rival interpretations. The technology of the oxide ( high-temperature ) superconductors is currently receiving a great deal of attention the central problem is to make windable wires or tapes from an intensely brittle material. It is in no way a negative judgment on the importance and interest of these materials that they do not receive a detailed discussion here it is simply that they do not lend themselves to a superficial account, and there is no space here for a discussion in the detail that they intrinsically deserve. 

---