Sulphur sol

Preparation of a Sulphur Sol. Prepare a saturated solution of sulphur in ethanol in a test tube. Take 2-3 g of sulphur and 10 ml of ethanol for this purpose. The solution will become saturated after vigorous shaking during 15 min. Filter off the undissolved sulphur, measure off 5 ml of the solution, and carefully pour it dropwise into 20 ml of distilled water. Pour part of the colloidal solution into two test tubes in equal portions. Add 1 ml of water to the first tube and 1 ml of a barium chloride solution to the second one, and heat both tubes. What happens How does the electrolyte affect the stability of the solution Define a gel and a sol. 

Sulphur sols may also be prepared by intensively grinding together pure sulphur and grape sugar in an agate mortar and treating with water.2... 

A sulphur sol containing sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate, which act as stabilisers, has an eleetrieal conductivity lower than that of a similar solution containing no colloidal sulphur tire freezing-point is... 

An example a sulphur sol can be made by grinding a mixture of sulphur and glucose, dispersing it in water and removing the dissolved glucose by means of dialysis. 

A sulphur sol can be made by dissolving 2 grammes of sulphur in 100 ml of methanol while stirring and heating. When the maximum amount of sulphur has dissolved, the solution is filtrated. Next some millilitres of filtrate are added to 100 ml of distilled water while stirring vigorously. 

By adding hydrochloric acid to a solution of sodium thiosulphate you can make a sulphur sol. 

A coarse sulphur sol can be prepared by pouring a saturated solution of sulphur in alcohol or acetone into water just below boiling point. The alcohol or acetone vaporises, leaving the water-insoluble sulphur colloidally dispersed. This technique is convenient for dispersing wax-like material in an aqueous medium. 

Figure 1.4 Formation of an approximately monodispersed sulphur sol by the slow reaction between Na2S203 and HCI in dilute aqueous solution...

These names, let it be understood, are to be taken in their basic signification SULPHUR (sol-pyr) is fundamentally SUN-FIRE, while Mercury (Mar-kurios) is "Lord of the Waters." The terms really signify occultly the inner principles of Fire and Water, having as little reference to actual fire and water as they do to mineral sulphur and mercury. 

In Revelation we read "He that overcometh will I give the morning star." This "star" is SOL, perfected by LUNA, -Solomon by the Queen of Sheba. This bright morning star is the same as that which announced the birth of Christ to the shepherds. It is Venus, or Love, the "fulfillment of all," as Christ himself declared. This star is fundamentally the Sulphur (Sol) of the Sages, and it reaches the state (plane, or planet) of Venus (Copper) just AFTER the White Work, and from this one goes on to Gold. 

Sulphur sol A colloidal solution of sulphur is obtained by the oxidation of H2S with dil. HN03 or sulphurous acid. 

Observe a similar Tyndall cone by. shining a beam through a developing sulphur sol. If a low-power Hc/Nc laser is available, observe the scintillations during the formation of the sol (Chapter... 

Paraffin emulsions and rubber latex, the particles of which can be checked microscopically to be globular, actually show values in the neighbourhood of 1 so that these seem to be sufficiently rigid to fulfill the elementary Einstein conditions. Sulphur sol has a slightly higher value of 1.8 perhaps here the influence of the ionic atmosphere plays a part (see Chapter VII, Overbeek and Bungenberg de Jong). 

Considering now substances with rigid globular particles, such as phenol-formaldehyde resins, rubber latex and sulphur sols, it appears from Table 8 that Voc is independent of the concentration, being therefore equal to Vo, This can be understood because these particles do not immobilise any solvent, and are practically incompressible. Referring once more to Fig. 18, attention is drawn to the curves for... 

Rubber-latex Phenol-formaldehyde resin in alcohol Sulphur sol in water... 

This theory explains that many sols of substances, which do not themseiv absorb visible light, scatter blue light sideways (mastic, sulphur sols, diluted milk etc.), on examination in the direction of the incident light are clear but yellowish red (complementary colour to blue) while seen in diffuse light they appear cloudy but white through the mixture of transmitted and scattered light. 

The means by which the supersaturation is reached depend completely upon the substance to be dispersed A sulphur sol, for instance, may be obtained by dissolving siiipliur in alcohol and diluting this solution with water in which sulphur is much less soluble (Sulphur sol after Von Weimarn). 

Sulphur sols can also be prepared in this way, by acidifying a solution of sodium thiosulphate (Raffo) or by mixing solutions of HgS and SO2 (Selmi). Oden has treated the properties of these S-sols after Raffo and Selmi extensively. Both types of sols arc therefore often called Oden S-sols. 

Another beautiful example of isodispersed sols is formed by the sulphur sols prepared by La Mer and Barnes They mixed veiy dilute solutions of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid During about one hour sulphur was formed as was... 

Fig. 6a and b. Experimental results of extinction measurements on monodispersed sulphur sols of increasing particle size numbered consecutively 16,15,1, 15,12,11, 68, 70. The plotting increments (P.I.) used to displace the lines conveniently are given in the figures. 

Fig. 5 shows the theoretical value of Ks as a function of a for sulphur sols, in which the relative refractive index of sulphur with respect to water is taken as n 1 50. Figs. 6a and 6b show the experimentally observed values of the total light scattering as a function of the wavelength of the light in water for a number of sulphur sols of various particle... 

Another interesting case v/hich shows clearly how complicated these specific effects may be is given by the sulphur sol. The sulphur sol prepared according to VoN... 

The sulphur sol prepared, however, by acidification of NaaSiOs (S soI of Raffo) shows an extremely strong spreading of flocculation values that can scarcely be ascribed to an influence of the ionic radius alone. 

Other tests have been carried out by BanceliN with sols of gamboge, by Oden with sulphur sols and most extensively by Eirich and collaborators with glass spheres, spores of fungi and yeast cells. 

They all confirmed for dilute suspensions a linear relationship like eq. (1). Eirich also confirmed the inuependence of the si e of the spherical particles, but for the sulphur sols (Oden) the viscosity increased with decreasing size of the particles. The factor of proportionality turned out to be 2.9 in Bancelin s experiments about 4 for Oden s more dilute sulphur sols and very near 2.5 in the experiments of Eirich. It is essential to consider only dilute suspensions as already at a concentration of 2 or 3% by volume the deviation from linearity is appreciable. (See 3 a, p. 350). Eirich and Goldschmidt lx ) showed that with their relatively coarse suspensions the rate of shear must remain very low if inertia effects are not to spoil the results. 

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