Sulfuric acid conductivity-concentration curve

If an alcohol such as methanol can be separated by ion-exclusion chromatography using water as the eluent, why not do the reverse and separate water using a methanol eluent Stevens et al. [12] did just this. They added a small amount of sulfuric acid to the eluent and detected the chromatographic water peak by a decrease in conductivity. The main drawback with this method was a non-linear calibration curve with very poor detection sensitivity in some concentration regions. 

Due to the considerable differences in reactant chemistries and testing conditions between the cells presented in Table 6.1, it is difficult to draw final conclusions about which specific device architecture may be optimal. Factors such as reactant species, reactant and electrolyte concentration, flow rate, temperature, separators, patterned electrodes, and the presence of catalysts can all significantly affect the power output of a device. Power density comparisons would ideally be made with devices benchmarked at standardized conditions for example, a liquid/liquid cell could be benchmarked at room temperature with standardized vanadium electrolytes (e.g., 1 M vanadium in 1 M sulfuric acid) and widely available porous carbon electrodes (e.g., Toray carbon paper). Conducting polarization curve and impedance measurements at a range of flow rates would enable full characterization of fuel utilization, mass transport, and ohmic losses which are inherent to the cell structure, and the peak volumetric power density measurements would then enable a direct comparison with other devices. 

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