Sulfur ratio, water

Stoichiometric air—fuel volumetric ratio water solubility sulfur content, wt %... 

Fig 5 shows the yield of MNT as a function of acid/toluene ratio for a MA of 27/55/18% nitric acid/sulfuric acid/water and a nitration time of 50 minutes at 30°... 

Orlova (Ref 62) made extensive studies of the conversion of DNT to TNT in mixed acid. Some of her results are shown in Figs 22 thru 25. All. the data are for 90°. The mixed acid used in obtaining the results of Fig 23 consists of 16/81/3 nitric acid/sulfuric acid/water, the MA/DNT ratio of 1/5, and reaction time was 40 minutes. These results (Fig 23) should be compared with those shown in Figs 4 8... 

Figure S. Carbon sulfur ratios (wt/wt) in three cores from the north basin of Little Rock Lake. Carbon and sulfur concentrations were determined by LECCO analyzers. Cores were collected at 5 m (NB-5), 7 m (NB-7), and 9 m (NB-9). The two shallow cores are from epilimnetic sites at which the overlying water remains oxic throughout the year. The bottom water at NB-9 is anoxic in late summer.

Fuller R. D., Mitchell M. J., Krouse H. R., Syskowski B. J., and Driscoll C. T. (1986) Stable sulfur isotope ratios as a tool for interpreting ecosystem sulfur dynamics. Water Air Soil Pollut. 28, 163-171. 

Properties Platelet-type crystalline structure. High porosity, high void volume to surface area ratio, low density, large range of particle size. Insoluble in water and organic solvents soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid. Water vapor adsorption capacity of expanded vermiculite less than 1%, liquid adsorption dependent on conditions and particle size, ranges 200-500%. Noncombustible. 

From 1932-35, four papers by Hackel and Urbanski appeared. Various types of starch were nitrated in various proportions of nitric acid sulfuric acid water, for one hour at 10°C., with average products containing from 11.45 to 13.30 % of nitrogen and with no very clear-cut deductions possible, probably owing to the use of too great an excess of mixed acids in proportion to the starch (50 1). Many of the investigations of nitration by independent chemists can be criticized in this respect for example, the ratio 4 1 was used by Holmes in his U. S. patent 779,421. 

Figure 6.15. The left panel illustrates laboratory data on the efficiency of the reaction between HC1 and CIONO2 for ice, nitric acid/water solid surfaces, and liquid sulfuric acid/water solutions. The right panel depicts the altitude variation of the temperature at which the efficiency of this reaction on liquid sulfuric acid/water solutions becomes greater than 0.3 for water vapor mixing ratios that can be observed in the lower stratosphere.

It is necessary to specify the parameters S and o>. The saturation ratio S will be chosen as 2.878 corresponding to a critical diameter D = AavfRT In 5 of O.OI fim for a sulfuric acid/water aerosol at 25 °C. The Kelvin parameter is then equal to 0.1282. Since S is taken independent of time, the growth laws / are functions of p only. 

The factors affecting the hydrogen sulfide removal from Elkton field gas were evaluated in the extensive optimization study [70]. It was carried out to apply activated carbon based adsorption/oxidation to the industrial environment. In order to make the process as simple and economical as possible the temperature, pressure, O/H2S ratio, water vapor content in the feed gas, minimizing production of SO2 and time achieving high conversion of H2S to sulfur and water were varied [70], Moreover, the efficiency of using thermally regenerated carbon was evaluated. 

Hgure 9-46. Effect of wash-water/sulfur ratio on iron content of SuiFerox suifur fiitercake. (l an/C/eec/rarH/AftV7S3e-4/no/i/, 1990 ... 

The high C/H ratio for heavy fuels and their high levels of contaminants such as sulfur, water, and sediment, tend to reduce their NHV which can reach as low as 40,000 kJ/kg by comparison to the 42,500 kJ/kg for a conventional home-heating oil. This characteristic is not found in the specifications, but it is a main factor in price negotiations for fuels in terms of cost per ton. Therefore it is subject to frequent verification. 

The ratio of reactants had to be controlled very closely to suppress these impurities. Recovery of the acrylamide product from the acid process was the most expensive and difficult part of the process. Large scale production depended on two different methods. If soHd crystalline monomer was desired, the acrylamide sulfate was neutralized with ammonia to yield ammonium sulfate. The acrylamide crystallized on cooling, leaving ammonium sulfate, which had to be disposed of in some way. The second method of purification involved ion exclusion (68), which utilized a sulfonic acid ion-exchange resin and produced a dilute solution of acrylamide in water. A dilute sulfuric acid waste stream was again produced, and, in either case, the waste stream represented a... 

The ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is controlled by shifting only part of the gas stream. After the shift, the carbon dioxide, which is formed in the gasifier and in the water gas reaction, and the sulfur compounds formed during gasification, are removed from the gas. 

In a typical commercial dry jet-wet spinning process, PPT polymer of inherent viscosity 6.0 dL/g is added to 99.7% sulfuric acid in a water-jacketed commercial mixer in a ratio of 46 g of polymer to 100 mL of acid. The mixture is sealed in a vacuum of 68.5—76 mL of mercury. Mixing takes place for 2 h... 

HTS catalyst consists mainly of magnetite crystals stabilized using chromium oxide. Phosphoms, arsenic, and sulfur are poisons to the catalyst. Low reformer steam to carbon ratios give rise to conditions favoring the formation of iron carbides which catalyze the synthesis of hydrocarbons by the Fisher-Tropsch reaction. Modified iron and iron-free HTS catalysts have been developed to avoid these problems (49,50) and allow operation at steam to carbon ratios as low as 2.7. Kinetic and equiUbrium data for the water gas shift reaction are available in reference 51. 

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