Sulfoxides Sulfur

Perchloric acid Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, alcohols, antimony compounds, azo pigments, bismuth and its alloys, methanol, carbonaceous materials, carbon tetrachloride, cellulose, dehydrating agents, diethyl ether, glycols and glycolethers, HCl, HI, hypophosphites, ketones, nitric acid, pyridine, steel, sulfoxides, sulfuric acid... 

To what extent the above suggests that the sulfoxide sulfur of thiirene oxides is more nucleophilic than that of thiirane oxides remains an open question. 

The absolute stereochemistry at the sulfoxide sulfur atom in some /J-phenylsulfinyl radicals (prepared in situ by treating 2-bromo-3-phenylsulfinylbutanes with tributylstan-nane) controls the stereochemistry (i.e., cis vs. trans) of the olefinic products which are formed104. Implicit in this result is that loss of the sulfinyl group occurs more rapidly than rotation about C-2-C-3 of the intermediate radical105. 

The majority of the spin density is on nitrogen due to the high electronegativity of the sulfoxide sulfur. This is shown by the low g factor and high proton and nitrogen splitting compared to the bis(dimethylamino)sulfide cation. 

This chapter, however, does not deal with above-mentioned reactions of sulfoxides. Rather it is limited to asymmetric synthesis using a-sulfinyl carbanions and -unsaturated sulfoxides, specifically in which the stereogenic sulfoxide sulfur atom is enantiomerically pure. Therefore reactions of racemic sulfoxides are for the most part excluded from this review. For more general discussions, the reader is referred to other chapters in this volume and to other reviews on the chemistry of sulfoxides. Especially useful are the reviews by Johnson and Sharp and by Mislow in the late 1960s and by Oae and by Nudelman as well as a book by Block . A review by Cinquini, Cozzi and Montanari" through mid-1983 summarizes the chemistry and stereochemistry of optically active sulfoxides. This chapter emphasizes results reported from 1984 through mid-1986. 

An interesting way to generate telluronium dications involves electron transfer through a 71-conjugated system to a spatially remote sulfoxide sulfur atom in a domino manner. Treatment of substrate 141 with triflic anhydride results in reduction of the terminal sulfoxide group with simultaneous oxidation of the tellurium atom in the para-position and formation of a trichalcogen dicationic moiety 144143 through the intermediate sulfonium salt 142 and quinoid structure 143 (Scheme 52). 

Transformations of Methyl 5-0-Benzyl-2-0-methyl-/3-I)-glueofuranosidurono-6,3-lae-tone (86) to Dimethyl (Z,E)-2-Methoxy-5-(phenylmethoxy)-2,4-hexadienedioatevl (87). ( Elimination employing DBU b oxidation with silver oxide-sodium hydroxide followed by diazomethane esterification c acidic glycoside cleavage, oxidation by dimethyl sulfoxide-acetic anhydride with formation of 5-0-benzyl-2-0-methyI-D-glucaro-1,4 6,3-dilactone, elimination by using DBU, followed by short treatment with diazomethane d elimination by DBU with subsequent diazomethane esterification e sodium borohydride in hexamethylphosphoric triamide 1 catalytic oxidation followed by short treatment with diazomethane " dimethyl sulfoxide-sulfur trioxide-pyridine-triethylamine.150)... 

When thianthrene 5,5,10-trioxide is exposed to butyllithium, via attack at the sulfoxide sulfur, dibenzothiophen sulfone and the diphenylsulfide diacid sulfone were the observed products, the latter predominating (Scheme 6) (57JA108). 

The cis- 1,2-glycols, obtainable from the parent aromatic hydrocarbon by osmium tetroxide hydroxylation, can be converted to the corresponding trans-1,2-glycols by oxidation-reduction, using a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfur trioxide, and pyridine, followed by lithium aluminum hydride reduction. The trans- 1,2-glycols can be dehydrated to arene oxides using DMF-DMA as mentioned above. Benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide (28) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide (30) have been prepared by this method in 68 and 80% yields, respectively.18... 

Keywords 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, sulfide, nitrile, pyridine, urea-hydrogen peroxide complex, catechol, sulfoxide, sulfuric ester, amide, pyridine-/V-oxidc... 

Dimethyl sulfoxide-oxalyl chloride, 215-216 Dimethyl sulfoxide-sulfur trioxide, 216 Dimethyl(2,4,6-tri-f-butylphenoxy)chlorosilanc. 217... 

In sulfoxides, sulfur s weak acidifying effect is enhanced, and the oxygen atom introduces a powerful coordination effect in contrast with sulfides, sulfoxides are very powerful directors of both ortholithiation and a-lithiation. Ortholithiation is possible with aryl sulfoxides lacking an a-proton, but since sulfoxides suffer from the disadvantage of being electrophilic at sulfur, diaryl sulfoxides must be lithiated with lithium amide bases rather than... 

Another class of sulfoxidic substances, the aryl thiosulfinates ArS(0)SAr, which have recently been prepared in an optically active form, exhibit exceptionally high optical lability Racemization of thiolsulfinates may occur in an uncatalysed path involving pyramidal inversion at the sulfoxide sulfur. Reaction rate coeffi-... 

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