Sulfonic surface silanol groups

In one example, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) brushes terminated with trichlorosilane anchor groups are attached both to spherical [51] and to planar silicon oxide surfaces [52-54]. To obtain such structures in the first step a monolayer consisting of neutral polystyrene molecules is formed by reaction of the silane anchor groups with silanol groups on the silicon/silica substrates. The neutral polymer is then transformed into the polyelectrolyte in a second step via a polymer-analogous sulfonation reaction. The thus ob-... 

Precipitation has also been shown to occur on modified polymeric surfaces. An example of this includes Ca(II) containing hybrids of gelatin and 3-(glycidoxy-propyl)trimethoxysilane (Ren et al. 2001). Silanol groups on silicone (Oyane et al. 1999), poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly ether sulfone and polyethylene (Kokubo 1998), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyamide 6, and polyethersulfone (PESF) (Tanahashi et al. 1994) can also provide sites for apatite formation. 

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