Sulfonated naphthalene types

Mix 2 Cement content 286.6 kg m-3 Type III cement, recommended dosage of sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde superplasticizer. 

Yamaguchi et al. reported the first metal-catalyzed synthesis of quinones where oxidation of methylbenzenes and naphthalenes was performed in acetic acid using 60% in the presence of Pd(n)-sulfonated polystyrene-type resin [91]. The selectivities to quinones were significantly higher with naphthalenes than with methylbenzenes. While MNQ was obtained in a 60% yield at MN conversion of 93%, only 3.3% yield of TMBQ was attained in the oxidation of PC at 78% conversion. 

Type sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate... 

Reactions other than those of the nucleophilic reactivity of alkyl sulfates iavolve reactions with hydrocarbons, thermal degradation, sulfonation, halogenation of the alkyl groups, and reduction of the sulfate groups. Aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, benzene and naphthalene, react with alkyl sulfates when cataly2ed by aluminum chloride to give Fhedel-Crafts-type alkylation product mixtures (59). Isobutane is readily alkylated by a dipropyl sulfate mixture from the reaction of propylene ia propane with sulfuric acid (60). 

Anthraquinone dyes are derived from several key compounds called dye intermediates, and the methods for preparing these key intermediates can be divided into two types (/) introduction of substituent(s) onto the anthraquinone nucleus, and (2) synthesis of an anthraquinone nucleus having the desired substituents, starting from benzene or naphthalene derivatives (nucleus synthesis). The principal reactions ate nitration and sulfonation, which are very important ia preparing a-substituted anthraquiaones by electrophilic substitution. Nucleus synthesis is important for the production of P-substituted anthraquiaones such as 2-methylanthraquiQone and 2-chloroanthraquiaone. Friedel-Crafts acylation usiag aluminum chloride is appHed for this purpose. Synthesis of quinizatia (1,4-dihydroxyanthraquiQone) is also important. 

C subfamily of type 1 extradiol dioxygenases (Mars et al. 1999). The alternative extradiol fission of 3-chlorocatechol may take place between the 1 and 6 positions (distal fission), and this has been shown for the 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from the naphthalene sulfonate degrading Sphingomonas sp. strain BN6 (Riegert et al. 1998). 

Fig. 7.25 Effect of superplasticizer type (MFS and NFS melamine and naphthalene sulfonates) on flowing behavior.

The effect of the interaction between two types of SPs (naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonates-NFS and melamine formaldehyde sulfonate-MFS) and the VEA on the fluidity of mortar is seen in Fig. 7.46. In the case of NFS, the mortar flow decreases with increasing addition of the VEA. This result indicates an appreciable interaction between NFS and the VEA. On the other hand, the fluidity of the mortar containing the MFS does not change. Measured amounts of the SPs showed that there was good correlation between the amount of SP adsorbed and observed fluidity. 

The aggregation number of metallic detergents varies with length and structure of the hydrocarbon groups, the type of the cation, and the polarity of the solvent. The aggregation number of sodium, magnesium, calcium and barium dinonyl-naphthalene sulfonates in hydrocarbon solvents lies between 10 and 15 and is twice that of nonylphenates (Fowkes, 1962 Heiweil, 1964 Inoue and Watanabe,... 

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