Sulfates, aliphatic

In the presence of anhydrous copper sulfate, aliphatic oxiranes react stereoselect-ively with acetone, but (E)- and (Z)-aryl-aliphatic oxiranes give the same isomer mixture. A study has been made of the kinetics of formation of dioxolanes from oxiranes and aromatic aldehydes in a neutral medium. Dioxolane and dioxan isomers are obtained from the reaction of 2,3-epoxybutane and carbonyl compounds. ... 

The esterihed OA group toxins can be classihed into two groups. DTX-4 and DTX-5 compounds are C-1 esters that have long polyhydroxylated and sulfated aliphatic side chains ester bound to a shorter diol linkage that is in turn esterihed to the carboxyl group of OA (DTX-1 or DTX-2). 

Potassium hydrogen sulfate/sodium sulfate Aliphatic nitro compounds from aci-nitro compounds... 

A characteristic property of an aldehyde function is its sensitivity to oxidation A solu tion of copper(II) sulfate as its citrate complex (Benedict s reagent) is capable of oxi dizing aliphatic aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acid... 

Petrochemicals are those chemicals produced from petroleum or natural gas and can be generally divided into three groups (/) aliphatics, such as butane and butene (2) cycloaliphatics, such as cyclohexane, cyclohexane derivatives, and aromatics (eg, ben2ene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene) and (J) inorganics, such as sulfur, ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and nitric acid. 

AcCl, NaOH, dioxane, Bu4N HSO, 25°, 30 min, 90% yield. Phase-transfer catalysis with tetra-n-butylammionium hydrogen sulfate effects acylation of sterically hindered phenols and selective acylation of a phenol in the presence of an aliphatic secondary alcohol. 

However, certain additives can decrease the rate of thermal decomposition [28]. These additives include cyclic sulfates, sulfones, sultones, aliphatic and aromatic anhydrides, and polymers with pendant carboxylic acid functional groups. Most of these materials are latent acids, which decompose on heating in the presence of moisture to form a strong acid, as shown for cyclic sulfate, 9, in Eq. 5. 

Organic anions of aliphatic phosphates, phosphonates, sulfates, sulfonates and sulfamates [8, 9]... 

On treatment with sulfur tetrafluoride at 20 °C, aliphatic a-kydroxy ketones afford mixtures of tx,p,P-trifluoroalkanes, difluoroalkylsulfites, and bis(difluo-roalkyl)sulfates [182]... 

S. R. Villasenoi, Heart-cut column switcliing teclmiques for the detemination of an aliphatic amine in an organic matiix and for low levels of sulfate in an anion mati ix , 7. Chromatogr. 671 11-14(1994). 

Besides Fe-, other reducing agents that may be used in conjunction with H2O2 are aliphatic amines, Na2S203 thiourea, ascorbic acid, glyoxal, sulfuric acid, NaHSOs, sodium nitrite, ferric nitrate, peroxidase, AgNOs, tartaric acid, hydroxylamine, ethylene sulfate, sodium phosphite, formic acid, ferrous ammonium sulphate, acetic acid, ferrous sulphate, and HNO2, etc,... 

NMe is now commercially available and is prepd by the vapor phase nitration of methane at a ratio of 9 moles of methane to I mole of nitric acid at 475° and a residence time of 0.18sec (Ref 12) or by the similar nitration of aliphatic hydrocarbons (Ref 8). Other prepns are from Me sulfate and Na nitrite (Ref 26) by the oxidn of Me amine with dinitrogen trioxide in the gas phase or in methylene chloride, yield 27%... 

There are many parallels between phosphates and sulfates of aliphatic alcohols. Both types of surfactants contain ester bonds undergoing hydrolysis in acid solutions. In that case the starting materials are received once more. By dry heating of the salts above a temperature of 140°C destruction will occur forming the corresponding alkenes and an inorganic acid salt. In the same way as sulfonic and sulfinic acids are formed by C-S bonds, C-P bonds lead to phosphonic and phosphinic acids. 

De-icing compositions for the removal of ice or for prevention of its reformation on automobile windshields are prepared from 1 part polyol, 1 part alcohol, and 0.05 part fluorinated surfactant, e.g., ammonium salts of mono- and bisfluoroalkyl phosphates and their complexes with aliphatic quaternary methyl sulfates [287]. 

The pzc of a pc-Cd renewed by cutting was determined in dilute fluoride and sulfate solutions by capacitance measurements.645,646 The C, E curves exhibited distinct minima whose depth increased with increasing dilution of the solution (Table 15). This value is ca. 30 mV more negative than that for polished electrodes and reflects the more disturbed surface stmcture of a renewed electrode. Adsorption of aliphatic alcohols and acids has also been studied on these electrodes.645,646... 

Figure 18.2 Representative receiver operator curves to demonstrate the leave n out validation of K-PLS classification models (metabolite formed or not formed) derived with approximately 300 molecules and over 60 descriptors. The diagonal line represents random. The horizontal axis represents the percentage of false positives and the vertical axis the percentage of false negatives in each case. a. Al-dealkylation. b. O-dealkylation. c. Aromatic hydroxylation. d. Aliphatic hydroxylation. e. O-glucuronidation. f. O-sulfation. Data generated in collaboration with Dr. Mark Embrechts (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute).

Some green algae are able to use aromatic sulfonic acids (Figure 2.4a) (Soeder et al. 1987) and aliphatic sulfonic acids (Figure 2.4b) (Biedlingmeier and Schmidt 1983) as sources of sulfur. Cultures of Scenedesmus obliquus under conditions of sulfate limitation metabolized naphthalene-l-sulfonate to l-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-sulfonate and the gluco-side of naphth-l-ol (Kneifel et al. 1997). These results are consistent with formation of a 1,2-epoxide followed by an NIH shift. 

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