Sugars organic chemicals from

Intense efforts within the last decade to boost the acquisition of organic chemicals from the sugars listed in Table 2.1 have, so far, failed to bridge the conceptional, technological, and economic gap between hydrocarbons and carbohydrates as organic raw materials. 

Animal bones can be carbonized to produce adsorbent materials which have only meso- and macropores and surface areas around 100 m /g. The pore development activation step used with activated carbons is dispensed with. The surface is carbon and hydroxyl apatite in roughly equal proportions and this dual nature means that bone charcoals can be used to adsorb metals as well as organic chemicals from aqueous systems. Decolourizing sugar syrup is another application. 

In the acid hydrolysis process (79—81), wood is treated with concentrated or dilute acid solution to produce a lignin-rich residue and a Hquor containing sugars, organic acids, furfural, and other chemicals. The process is adaptable to all species and all forms of wood waste. The Hquor can be concentrated to a molasses for animal feed (82), used as a substrate for fermentation to ethanol or yeast (82), or dehydrated to furfural and levulinic acid (83—86). Attempts have been made to obtain marketable products from the lignin residue (87) rather than using it as a fuel, but currently only carbohydrate-derived products appear practical. 

The sample cleanup procedure is efficient and easy to perform. The cleanup procedure removes approximately 84% of the non-chromatographable materials. The losses from the sample affect only a small number of the synthetic organic chemicals of interest in the field of drinking water treatment. The compounds undergoing the largest losses were phthalates and diacetone sugars. 

Sucrose is our common table sugar, obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets. Of organic chemicals, it is the one produced in the largest amount in pure form. 

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