Subtype analysis

Hirbec, H., Perestenko, O., Nishimune, A., Meyer, G., Nakanishi, S., Henley, J. M., and Dev, K. K. (2002) The PDZ proteins PICK1, GRIP, and syntenin bind multiple glutamate receptor subtypes. Analysis of PDZ binding motifs. J. Biol. Chem. 277,15221-15224. 

Brown RD Jr, Wiebers DO, Torner JC et al. (1996b) Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage as a presenting symtom and subtype analysis a population-based study of intracranial vascular malformations in Olmsted Country, Minnesota. J Neurosurg 85 29-32... 

For all newly diagnosed patients with leukemia, an aspirate of the liquid marrow and a bone marrow core biopsy are obtained.5 Morphologic and cytochemical analysis of these samples distinguishes three subtypes of ALL (LI, L2, and L3) and eight subtypes of AML (M0-M7) as classified by the French-American-British (FAB) scheme. See Tables 92-2 and 92-3 for the FAB classification of acute myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. 

The term 1 + ( I. KL) is often referred to as the Cheng-Prusoff correction. It is clear from this analysis that the IC50 does not give a direct estimate of Kt unless [L] is very low, when IC50 tends to Kv Just as with saturation experiments, the situation will be complicated by the presence of different classes of binding sites (e.g., receptor subtypes) and by the involvement of G-proteins in agonist binding. 

Thus, cholinergic receptor classification can be considered in terms of three stages of development. Initially, Dale [2] distinguished nicotinic and muscarinic receptor subtypes with crude alkaloids. Then, chemical synthesis and structure-activity relationships clearly revealed that nicotinic and muscarinic receptors were heterogeneous, but chemical selectivity could not come close to uncovering the true diversity of receptor subtypes. Lastly, analysis of subtypes came from molecular cloning, making possible the classification of receptors on the basis of primary structure (Fig. 11-2). 

Haslam, N., Beck, A. T. (1994). Subtyping major depression A taxometric analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 686-692. 

Although the evolutionary trace method applied to GPCRs (175,185) fails to detect any residues responsible for the subtype-specific heterodimerizafion that has recently been demonstrated for opioid (96), somatostatin (106), and chemokine (98) receptors, correlated mutation analysis had already been demonstrated to be able to identify useful details of molecular specificity (184). Thus, the molecular basis of specificity was hypothesized to reside in outward (i.e., lipid) facing residues of TM5 and TM6 that exhibited evolutionarily correlated mutations and differed between receptor subtypes (184) in the case of dimerization. In the case of oligomers, the key interface between different subtypes was suggested to be the 2,3-interface (152) rather than the 5,6-interface. 

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