Substitution principle inherent safety

One of the approaches to circumvent these safety issues concerning the use of Li metal was to substitute the metallic Li for layer-stractured Li ion intercalating materials. Because of the presence of Li in its ionic rather than metallic state, Li ion cells solve the dendrite problem and are, in principle, inherently safer than Li-metal cells. 

The primary philosophy is to follow the principles of inherent safety. This implies a systematic effort to apply the principles of hazard elimination, minimization/ intensification, hazard substitution, moderation/attenuation, and simplification. However, additional controls will still be required to control a hazardous situation, prevent escalation, and mitigate the risk to people, to the environment, asset, and reputation. Preferably, these safeguards will be passive- or active-engineered controls rather than administrative controls (i.e., dependent on direct human intervention). 

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