Submarine cements

Pigott J.D. and Land L.S. (1986) Interstitial water chemistry of Jamaican Reef sediment sulfate reduction and submarine cementation. Mar. Chem. 19, 355-378. 

Nelson, C.S. Lawrence, M.F. (1984) Methane-derived high-Mg calcite submarine cement in Holocene nodules from the Fraser Delta, British Columbia, Canada. Sedi-mentology, 31, 645-654. 

Macintyre, I.G. (1985) Submarine cements—the peloidal question. In Carbonate Cements (Ed. Schneidermann, N. Harris, P.M.). Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. Miner., Tulsa, 36, 109-116. 

Syntactic foams are used extensively for the construction of boats and deep-water submarines46155,58,79,127 142-169). They are also used to make floats, buoys, underwater rescue apparatus, and equipment for raising sunken ships 153,176). Other applications include cements and putties for repairing hydraulic structures, submarine bodies and bulkheads127). 

Submarine lithification and precipitation of cements in deep sea carbonate sediments are relatively rare processes in typical major ocean basin sediments. Milliman and his associates have summarized much of the information on these processes (Milliman, 1974 Milliman and Muller, 1973,1977). The cements are of both aragonitic and magnesian calcite mineralogies, and are largely restricted to shallow seas such as the Mediterranean and Red seas, and sediments in the shallower parts of major ocean basins in which biogenic aragonite is also present. The formation of carbonate cements will be discussed in detail in subsequent chapters. 

Schroeder, J.H., 1972. Fabrics and sequences of submarine carbonate cements in Holocene Bermuda cup reefs. Geol. Rundsch., 61 708—730. 

Jorgensen, N.O. (1976) Recent high magnesian calcite/ aragonite cementation of beach and submarine sediments from Denmark. J. sediment. Petrol., 46, 940-951. 

S. C.M. and Schmaljohann, R. (1992) Bubbling Reefs in the Kattegat submarine landscapes of carbonate-cemented rock support a diverse ecosystem at methane seeps. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 83, 103-112. 

The major sources of airborne anthropogenic arsenic are smelting of metals (mainly nonferrous metal production), burning of fossil fuels, and steel and cement production. The main natural emissions (possibly somewhat underestimated) are terrestrial volcanic exhalations and eruptions and submarine volcanism (Chilvers and Peterson 1987). Most trace metals are emitted on fine particles and thus can be... 

Allen R. C., Gavish E., Friedman G. M. and Sanders J. E. (1969) Aragonite-cemented sandstone from outer continental shelf off Delaware Bay submarine lithification mechanism yields product resembling beachrock. J. Sedim. Petrol. 39, 136-149. 

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