Subject positron annihilation

The areas of inorganic and organic positron chemistry deal mainly with material characterization and industrial applications using PAS. Both chemical and electronic industries have found PAS to be a powerful method. In addition to the traditional solution chemistry of the positron and Ps [11], PAS has been developed to determine the free volume Bom-Oppenheimer approximation, such as molecular solids [14] and polymers [15]. The unique localization property of Ps in free volumes and holes has opened new hope in polymer scientific research that determination of atomic-level free volumes at the nanosecond scale of motion is possible. During the last ten years, most positron annihilation research has involved a certain amount of polymer chemistry, polymers and coatings, which will be discussed in Chapters 12 and 13. For inorganic systems, oxides are mostly studied using the positron and Ps. Silicon oxides and zeolites are the most important systems in positron and Ps chemistry. The developments in this area have on the cavity structure and chemical states of inner surfaces. Chapters 8 and 14 will discuss this subject. 

Binding energies and annihilation rates for polyleptons are given in Table 2.2. The current values for positronium are listed for completeness. Since Wheeler s seminal 1946 paper, the 3- and 4-particle polyleptons have been the subject of many studies, and their properties are well understood today. The annihilation rate of diatomic positronium, Ps2, is about twice the spin-averaged rate in Eq. (2.4) because there are two positrons and each of them sees spin-paired electrons. Recently a calculation of the 5-particle... 

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