Subcellular localization, metabolic

Ghersi-Egea JF, Perrin R, Leininger-Muller B, Grassiot MC, Jeandel C, et al. 1993. Subcellular localization of cytochrome P450, and activities of several enzymes responsible for drug metabolism in the human brain. Biochem Pharmacol 45 647-658. 

FIGURE 21-8 Subcellular localization of lipid metabolism. Yeast and vertebrate cells differ from higher plant cells in the compartmentation of lipid metabolism. Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the compart-... 

Phenylpropanoid Pathway, Subcellular Localization, and Metabolic Channeling 509... 

Marczak R, Gorrell TE, Muller M (1983) Hydrogenosomal ferredoxin of the anaerobic proto-zoon, Tritrichomonas foetus. J Biol Chem 258 12427-12433 Muller M (1973) Biochemical cytology of trichomonad flagellates. I. Subcellular localization of hydrolases, dehydrogenases, and catalase in Tritrichomonas foetus. J Cell Biol 57 453-474 Muller M (1976) Carbohydrate and energy metabolism of Tritrichomonas foetus. In H Van den Bossche (ed.), Biochemistry of parasites and host-parasite relationships. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 3-14... 

Subcellular localization studies have identified P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity in adult hairless mice sebaceous glands. Phase II conjugation pathways have also been identified in skin. Extracellular enzymes including esterases are present in skin, which has been utilized to formulate lipid-soluble ester prodrugs which penetrate the stratum corneum and then are cleaved to release active drug into the systemic circulation. Finally, co-administration of enzyme inducers and inhibitors modulate cutaneous biotransformation and thus alter the systemic toxicity profile. These metabolic interactions that occur in skin have attracted a great deal of research attention and clearly illustrate that skin is more than a passive barrier to toxin absorption. 

Holcomb T, Curthoys NP, and Gstraunthaler G. Subcellular localization of PEPCKand metabolism of gluconeogenic substrains of renal cell lines. Am J Physiol 268 C449-457,1995. 

Boje, K. M., and Fung, H. (1990). Endothelial nitric oxide generating enz)mies in the bovine aorta Subcellular localization and metabolic characterization. ]. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253, 20-26. 

Since protection against radical damage during the rapid metabolic rates encountered in development and maturation is almost certainly critical, several workers have focused on the subcellular localization and distribution of enzymes that serve this purpose, especially in the brain. Those determined by Del Maestro and McDonald [493,494] include superoxide... 

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