Subatomic particles Electron Proton

Which subatomic particle (electron, proton or neutron) would deviate the most Explain your answer. 

Virtually all substances cire made of atoms. The universe seems to use about 120 unique atomic LEGO blocks to build neat things like galaxies and people and whatnot. All atoms cire made of the Scime three subatomic particles the proton, the electron, and the neutron. Different types of atoms (in other words, different elements) have different combinations of these pcirticles, which gives each element unique properties. For example ... 

Subatomic charged particles (electrons, protons, deuterons) when accelerated in acyclotron or betatron. 

An understanding of the structure of the smallest particle of matter, the atom, is very important to understanding how chemical bonds form. Remember that inside the nucleus of the atom, there are subatomic particles called protons and neutrons. Orbiting the nucleus is another type of subatomic particle, called electrons. Electrons are the parts of the atom that take part in chemical bonding. Chemical bonds occur when atoms gain, lose, or share electrons. Chemical reactions happen when these chemical bonds are formed or when they are broken. 

Subatomic particle A particle that is smaller than an atom. Subatomic particles include protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, photons, neutrinos, and muons. 

The nucleus of an atom contains the heavier subatomic particles - the protons and the neutrons. The electrons, the lightest of the sub atomic particles, move around the nucleus at great distances from the nucleus relative to their size. They move very fast in electron energy levels very much as the planets orbit the Sun. 

The forces that bond atoms together to form molecules come from tiny, subatomic particles called protons and electrons. These particles have different electrical charges that attract each other. 

The differences between elements are due to the differing numbers of these subatomic particles (the protons, neutrons and electrons) in their atoms. Bigger, heavier atoms are built up from more subatomic particles than smaller ones. 

Atoms themselves are made up of even smaller particles. These subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons cluster together to form the central core, or nucleus, of an atom. Fast-moving electrons occupy the space that surrounds the nucleus of the atom. As their names imply, subatomic particles are associated with electrical charges. Table 2.1 and Figure 2.2 summarize the general features and properties of an atom and its three subatomic particles. 

On the basis of Dalton s atomic theory, we can define an atom as the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination. Dalton imagined an atom that was both extremely small and indivisible. However, a series of investigations that began in the 1850s and extended into the twentieth century clearly demonstrated that atoms actually possess internal structure that is, they are made up of even smaller particles, which are called subatomic particles. This research led to the discovery of three such particles—electrons, protons, and neutrons. 

Since Rutherford s time, as physicists have learned more and more about atomic nuclei, the list of particles that make up nuclei has grown and continues to increase. As chemists, however, we can take a simple view of the atom because only three subatomic particles— the proton, neutron, and electron—have a bearing on chemical behavior. 

The second subatomic particle, the proton, was isolated and identified in 1919 by Ernest Rutherford. Its mass is 1836 times greater than the mass of an electron. The... 

We have stated that the atom is the smallest particle of an element that can exist and still be that element. We have also stated that if an atom is split in an attempt to make a smaller particle of an element, we would no longer have that element, but instead would have something else. We would have a collection of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. These are the major particles of which all atoms are composed. 

If subatomic particles moving at speeds close to the speed of light collide with nuclei and electrons, new phenomena take place that do not occur in collisions of these particles at slow speeds. For example, in a collision some of the kinetic energy of the moving particles can create new particles that are not contained in ordinaiy matter. Some of these created particles, such as antiparticles of the proton and elec-... 

The observation that atoms of a single element can have different masses helped scientists refine the nuclear model still further. They realized that an atomic nucleus must contain subatomic particles other than protons and proposed that it also contains electrically neutral particles called neutrons (denoted n). Because neutrons have no electric charge, their presence does not affect the nuclear charge or the number of electrons in the atom. However, they do add substantially to the mass of the nucleus, so different numbers of neutrons in a nucleus give rise to atoms of different masses, even though the atoms belong to the same element. As we can see from Table B.l, neutrons and protons are very similar apart from their charge they are jointly known as nucleons. 

Dalton pictured atoms as featureless spheres, like billiard balls. Today, we know that atoms have an internal structure they are built from even smaller subatomic particles. In this book, we deal with the three major subatomic particles the electron, the proton, and the neutron. By investigating the internal structure of atoms, we can come to see how one element differs from another and see how their properties are related to the structures of their atoms. 

Since Rutherford s work, scientists have identified other types of nuclear radiation. Some consist of rapidly moving particles, such as neutrons or protons. Others consist of rapidly moving antiparticles, particles with a mass equal to that of one of the subatomic particles but with an opposite charge. For example, the positron has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge it is denoted 3 or f e. When an antiparticle encounters its corresponding particle, both particles are annihilated and completely converted into energy. Table 17.1 summarizes the properties of particles commonly found in nuclear radiation. 

From 50 years to 100 years after Dalton proposed his theory, various discoveries showed that the atom is not indivisible, but really is composed of parts. Natural radioactivity and the interaction of electricity with matter are two different types of evidence for this subatomic structure. The most important subatomic particles are listed in Table 3-2, along with their most important properties. The protons and neutrons occur in a very tiny nucleus (plural, nuclei). The electrons occur outside the nucleus. 

Our modern model describes the atom as an electrically neutral sphere with a tiny nucleus in the center containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. The negatively charged electrons are moving in complex paths outside the nucleus in energy levels at different distances from the nucleus. These subatomic particles have very little mass expressed in grams so we often use the unit of an atomic mass unit (amu or simply u). An amu is 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom that contains six protons and six neutrons. Table 2.1 summarizes the properties of the three subatomic particles. 

In this chapter, you learned about the atom and the three basic subatomic particles protons, neutrons, and electrons. You also learned about the periodic table and about the classification of the various elements on the periodic table. Classifications include metal, metalloid, nonmetal, and classification according to the family (group) and period. You also learned the difference between ions and molecules, and how to name ionic compounds and molecules systematically. 

Know the three basic subatomic particles—proton, neutron, and electron—their symbols, mass in amu, and their location. 

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