Stypopodium

Stypopodium South Africa, India, Pakistan, Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Micronesia, Caribbean, Venezuela, Brazil... 

Gerwick WH, Fenical W, Norris JN (1985) Chemical variation in the tropical seaweed Stypopodium zonale (Dictyotaceae). Phytochemistry 24 1279-1283 Gerwick WH, Nagle DG, Proteau PJ (1993a) Oxylipins from marine invertebrates. Top Curr... 

Obrien ET, White S, Jacobs RS, Boder GB, Wilson L (1984) Pharmacological properties of a marine natural product, stypoldione, obtained from the brown alga Stypopodium zonale. Hydrobiologia 116 141-145... 

Pereira RC, Soares AR, Teixeira VL, Villaca R, da Gama BAP (2004) Variation in chemical defenses against herbivory in southwestern Atlantic Stypopodium zonale (Phaeophyta). Bot Mar 47 202-208... 

Isopr. DITERP. cvclolabdane-class epitaondiol (Stypopodium flabelliforme Weber van Bosse, Dictyotales, Phaeoph. from Easter Is Sdnchez-Ferrando 1995). 

Brown algae in the genera Stypopodium and Sargassum, in a kind of opportunistic association, provide a refugee for grazeable seaweeds, promoting biodiversity (Hay 1992, 1996). Distasteful metabolites released by the brown algae are responsible for these effects. 

From the marine alga Stypopodium flabelliforme, several diterpenoids with interesting biological properties were isolated. The diterpenoid epitaondiol exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory activity related to inhibition of human PLA2 activity and leukocyte accumulation [64], Additionally, epitaondiol has been shown as a potent calcium antagonist in... 

An examination (45) of juvenile A. dactylomela feeding on the brown alga Stypopodium zonale from Vega Baja on the north coast of Puerto Rico resulted in the isolation of epitaondiol [41] and 3-ketoepitaondiol [42] along with stypodione [43]. A comparison of the <4. dactylomela... 

Stypodiol, epistypodiol and stypotriol are secondary diterpene metabolites produced by the tropical brown algae Stypopodium zonaie. These compounds display diverse biological properties, including strong toxic, narcotic, and hyperactive effects upon the reef-dwelling fish. In the laboratory of A. Abad an efficient stereoselective synthesis of stypodiol and its C14 epimer, epistypodiol, was accomplished from (S)-(+)-carvone. The key transformations in the synthesis of these epimeric compounds were an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, a sonochemical Barbier reaction and an acid-catalyzed quinol-tertiary alcohol cyclization. 

Dorta, E., Cueto, M., Brito, 1., and Darias, J. (2002). New terpenoids from the brown alga Stypopodium zonale. /. Nat. Prod. 65,1727-1730. 

The brown alga Stypopodium zonale produces diterpenes of mixed biogenesis that vary... 

Stypopodium flabeUiforme 14-Keto-stypodiol diacetate (45) Cytotoxic [140]... 

Stypopodium zonale Stypoquinonic acid Tyrosine kinase inhibitor [158]... 

Soares, A.R. et al. (2003) Variation on diter-pene production by the Brazilian alga Stypopodium zonale (Dictyotales, Phaeophyta). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 31, 1347-1350... 

Depix, M.S. et al. (1998) The compound 14-keto-stypodiol diacetate from the algae Stypopodium flabelliforme inhibits microtubules and cell proliferation in DU-145 human prostatic cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 187, 191-199... 

Altrose and idose are extremely rare altrose was identified in the form of a glycoside (moritoside) in a cnidaria, a gorgonian of the genus Euplexaura (Fusetani et al, 1985 and Chapter 20), while idose, in the form of iditol, was identified in the brown alga Stypopodium schimperi (Sampli et al, 2000). Iduronic add is also present in sulfated polysaccharides of the tunic of certain ascidians (see Chapter 28). 

Sampli, P., Tsitsimpikou, C., Vagias, C., Harvala, C., and Roussis, V. (2000) Schimperiol, a new meroterpenoid from the brown alga Stypopodium schimperi. Nat. Prod. Lett., 14, 365-372. 

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