Styela plicata

Villa, L. Patricolo, E. Follicle cells of Styela plicata eggs (Ascidiacea), In Sawada, H. Yokosawa, H. Lambert, C. C. (Eds.), The Biology of Ascidians, Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 2001. 

Santos, J. C, Mesquita, J. M. F., Belmiro, C. L. R., Carolina da Silveira, . M., Viskov, C., Mourier, P. A., and Pavao, M. S. G. (2007). Isolation and characterization of a heparin with low antithrombin activity from the body of Styela plicata (Chordata-Tunicata). Distinct effects on venous and arterial models of thrombosis. Thromb. Res. 121,213-222. 

Pereira et ai, 2005) and (F) the DS from Styela plicata, Halocynthia pyriformis, and Ascidian nigra are composed of [4-a-L-ldoA-l -3-fS-D-GalNAc-l], with also different sulfation patterns (Pavao et ai, 1995,1998). 

Mourao, P. A. and Perlin, A. S. (1987). Structural features of sulfated glycans from the tunic of Styela plicata (Chordata-Tunicata). A unique occurrence of L-galactose in sulfated polysaccharides. Eur. ]. Biochem. 166, 431M36. 

Hoya Sea-squirt (Styela plicata, Styela clava, Ciona... 

Homogeneous D-galactan sulphates have been isolated from the testes of the tunicates Halocynthia roretzi and Styela plicata. The results of optical rotation, i.r.spectroscopy, and acid hydrolysis studies suggest that the polysaccharides have repeating sequences of a-L-galactopyranosyl 4-sulphate and a-L-galactopyranosyl 6(or 3)-sulphate. 

Styela plicata (class Ascidiacea) from the California coast were purchased from Rimmon Faye (Pacific Bio-Marine Labs, Inc., Venice CA) ... 

Aside from the capricious result of the A. californicum research the tunicates in general represent a productive source of new antineoplastic substances (for leading references consult 23)). Indeed, during our initial (1965-1968) worldwide evaluation of marine animals as sources of new anticancer substances, we uncovered the first tunicates (e.g., Styela plicata) with such constituents (4). On our Institute s 1976 expedition to the coast of Honduras, we located a very promising [NCI confirmed active, T/C 173 (9.37 mg/kg)] tunicate of the Trididemnum genus that was later found independently by A. J. Weinheimer and colleagues to yield potent antineoplastic cyclic depsipeptides (the didemnins). 

Albano, R.M. and Mourao, P.A.S. (1986) Isolation, fractionation, and preliminary characterization of a novel class of sulfated glycans from the tunic of Styela plicata (chordata, tunicata). J. Biol. Chem., 261, 758-766. 

Albano, R.M., Mauro, S.G., Pavao, M.S.G., and Mourao, P.A.S. (1990) Structural studies of a sulfated L-galactan from Styela plicata (tunicate) analysis of the Smith-degraded polysaccharide. Carbohydr. Res., 208, 163-174. 

Green, P., Luty, A., Nair, S., Radford, J., and Raftos, D. (2006) A second form of collagenous lectin from ihe tunicate, Styela plicata. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 144B, 343-350. 

Pavao, M.S.G., Rodrigues, M.A., and Mourao, P.A.S. (1994a) Addic polysaccharides of the ascidian Styela plicata. Biosynthetic studies on the sulfated L-galactans of the tunic, and preliminary characterization of a dermatan sulfate-like polymer in body tissues. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1199, 229-237. 

The tunichrome Sp-1 is a pentapeptide that indudes two DOPAs, a glycine, a proline and a decarboxy-a,P-( )-dehydro-DOPA (dcADOPA). This derivative was extracted from the hemocytes of the stolidobranch ascidian Styela plicata, which is not known to accumulate vanadium, but the analogy with tunichromes seems obvious (Tincu and Taylor, 2002). 

Nair, S.V, Burandt, M., Hutchinson, A., Raison, R.L., and Raftos, D.A. (2001) A C-type lectin from the tunicate, Styela plicata, that modulates cellular activity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 129C, 11-24. 

Nakamura, A., Ashino, T, and Yamamoto, M. (1991) Structure determination of a very unusual peroxide from solitary ascidians, Phallusia mamillata, Ascidia ahodori, Styela plicata and Halocynthia roretzi. Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 4355-4358. 

Wasylyk, J.M. and Alam, M. (1989) Isolation and identification of a new cembranoid diterpene from the tunicate Styela plicata. J. Nat. Prod., 52,1360-1362. 

---