Structured process energy/exergy flow

In this paper, methods to estimate the heat of formation AHj0 and the absolute entropy S° for coal and coal-derived liquids are proposed based on the group contribution method. By applying these methods and the Structured Process Energy-Exergy-flow Diagram (SPEED, 11), an exergy analysis for the H-Coal process is performed. 

Thermodynamic analyses have been conducted for the various process steps in the H-Coal process system for producing synthetic fuels from bituminous coal. A Structured Process Energy-Exergy-flow Diagram (SPEED) for the H-Coal process is presented, which depicts the transformation of energy and exergy among the processes and the hierarchical structure of the process system with a compact format of the SPEED. 

Ishida, M. and Oaki, H., "Chemical Process Design Based on the Structured Process Energy-Exergy-Flow Diagram (SPEED)," AIChE National Meeting, Detroit, MI, Aug. (1981). 

Ishida, M. and Tunaka, H., "Computer-Aided Reaction System Synthesis Based on Structured Process Energy-Exergy-Flow Diagram," Computer in Chem. Eng., 6, 295 (1982). 

---