Structure and Action

The processes that underlie the various phases in the action are both chemical and physicochemical in nature. The relationship between chemical structure and the effect induced in the parmacodynamic phase of drug action is characteristic for the particular mechanism of action and thus for the type of effect and the type of pharmacon involved. This is not the case for the relationship 

The chemical properties and hence the chemical structure of a compound definitely determine its participation in the partial processes making up the various phases of action. The relationship of structure to action is therefore a fundamental characteristic of the action of pharmaca. The apparent absence of such a relationship can only be due to deficient methods of investigation and to the multiplicity and complexity of the processes involved. The structure-action relationship will be found to emerge more clearly if it is studied with regard to particular part-processes such as those involved in pharmacon metabolism, in pharmacon distribution, and in pharmacodynamics. Such a study involves the use of simple, isolated test systems. 

Efforts to detect the structure-action relationship usually emphasize the significance of particular moieties in the pharmacon molecule for particular aspects of its action1,2 49 S1). Chemical modification of the structure of a bioactive compound in efforts to modulate its action in practice always involves changing particular moieties in the molecule1,2 43,49 S1), for instance by substitution52-56.  

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R. E. Dickerson and I. Geis, The Structure and Action ofiProteins, Benjamin/Cummings, 1969. 

It has long been known that quaternary ammonium salts can exert a curare-like action, and in recent years much attention has been given to the synthesis and pharmacological testing of such products work on this subject up to 1936 has been reviewed by Ing, and more recently a theoretical discussion of the relationship between structure and action in drugs of this type has been provided by Holmes, Jenden and Taylor.Chase, Lehmann and Yonkmann have compared the action of quaternary salts of quinine with that of -erythroidine hydrochloride and of dihydro- -erythroidine hydrobromide. Quinine ethochloride shows marked curariform action of short duration. ... 

Fersht, A., 1985. Enzyme Structure and Mechanism, 2nd ed. Reading, PA Freeman Co. A monograph on the structure and action of enzymes. 

Unwin N (2003) Structure and action of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor explored by electron microscopy. FEES Lett 555 91-95... 

Modem commercial detergents are mixtures. Their most important component is a surfactant, or surface-active agent, which takes the place of the soap. Surfactant molecules are organic compounds with a structure and action similar to those of soap. A difference is that they typically contain sulfur atoms in their polar groups (4). 

Turner TJ (2004) Nicotine enhancement of dopamine release by a calcium-dependent increase in the size of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. J Neurosci 24 11328-11336 Unwin N (1995) Acetylcholine receptor channel imaged in the open state. Nature 373 37-43 Unwin N (2003) Structure and action of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor explored by electron microscopy. FEBS Lett 555 91-95... 

Dickerson and Geis collaborated on a protein chemistry book that contains many of the drawings and paintings of Geis R. E. Dickerson and I. Geis, The Structure and Action of Proteins, Benjamin, Menlo Park, Calif., 1969. 

The correlation between chemical structure and action of mineralocorticoids is extremely complex however, a number of partial conclusions can be synthesized. 

Kem WR. Sea anemone toxins structure and action. In Hessinger D, Lenhoff H, eds. The Biology of Nematocysts. New York Academic Press, 1988 375-405. 

The coordination of cis-diammineplatinumill) to guanine bases in DNA is only one example of a large number of possibilities. The Mg ion has several important functions with respect to DNA and RNA structure and action Nature has also anticipated the chemist through the use of zinc finger proteins as DNA transcriptional faclors. They have a protein chain coordinated tetr hedrally to a zinc atom by... 

Genetics The study of gene structure and action and the patterns of inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. Genetics is the branch of science that deals with the inheritance of biological characteristics. 

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