Structural, Geometric, and Optical Isomers

Identifying isomers requires skill in visualizing a molecule in three dimensions. Building models of molecules helps clarify their geometry. 

Structure 1 represents an organic molecule. Structures 2,3, and 4 represent three different isomers of the first molecule. Study each of these three structures to determine how they are related to Structure 1. 

Polarized light can be produced by passing ordinary light through a filter that transmits light waves that lie in only one plane. Here, the filtered light waves are in a vertical plane before they pass through the sample cells. 

Explain the difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers. 

Draw all of the structural isomers possible for the alkane with a molecular formula of CgHj4. Show only the carbon chains. 

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