Strong nuclear forces

Electrical repulsion between protons should cause a nucleus that contains more than one proton to fly apart. In Section 2H. we describe how the third type of fundamental force, called the strong nuclear force, acts within nuclei and generates enough attraction among nuclear particles to hold nuclei together. 

As described in Chapter 2, nuclei with more than one nucleon are held together by the strong nuclear force. Energy must be provided to overcome this force and remove a nucleon from a nucleus. This energy is called the nuclear binding energy. 

Neutron capture always is exothermic, because the neutron is attracted to the nucleus by the strong nuclear force. Consequently, neutron capture generates a product nuclide in a metastable, excited state. These excited nuclei typically lose energy by emitting either y rays or protons ... 

In 1925 physicists had known of two particles of matter, the proton and the electron. By 1947 five were known the proton, neutron, electron, muon, and neutrino. Yet another particle, the pion, was known, but it was associated with a force and it wasn t a component of matter. In 1925 they had known of two forces gravity and electromagnetism. Now there were four. The two new ones were the weak nuclear force (now called simply the weak force ) and a strong nuclear force that held nuclei together. 

Strong Nuclear Force force responsible for binding the nucleons of an atom s nucleus together... 

The more protons there are in a nucleus, the more neutrons are needed to help balance the repulsive electric forces. For light elements, it is sufficient to have about as many neutrons as protons. The most common isotope of carbon, carbon-12, for instance, has six protons and six neutrons. For large nuclei, more neutrons than protons are required. Remember that the strong nuclear force diminishes rapidly with increasing distance between nucleons. Nucleons must be practically touching in order for the strong nuclear force to be effective. Nucleons on opposite sides of a large atomic nucleus are not as attracted to one another. The electric force, however, does not diminish by much across the... 

Was this yow answer Two protons in a nucleus repel each other by the electric force, true, but they also attract each other by the strong nuclear force. Both forces act simultaneously. So long as the attractive strong nuclear force is more influential than the repulsive electric force, the protons remain together. Under conditions where the electric force overcomes the strong nuclear force, the protons fly apart. 

All nucleons, both protons and neutrons, attract one another by the strong nuclear force. 

The presence of neutrons helps hold the atomic nucleus together by increasing the effect of the attractive strong nuclear force, represented by the single-headed arrows. 

The second reason the stabilizing effect of neutrons is limited is that any proton in the nucleus is attracted by the strong nuclear force only to adjacent protons but is electrically repelled by all other protons in the nucleus. As more and more protons are squeezed into the nucleus, the repulsive electric forces increase substantially. For example, each of the two protons in a helium nucleus feels the repulsive effect of the other. Each proton in a nucleus containing 84 protons, however, feels the repulsive effects of 83 protons The attractive nuclear force exerted by each neutron, however, extends only to its immediate neighbors. The size of the atomic nucleus is therefore limited. This in turn limits the number of possible elements in the periodic table. It is for this reason that all nuclei having more than 83 protons are radioactive. Also, the nuclei of the heaviest elements produced in the laboratory are so unstable (radioactive) that they exist for only fractions of a second. 

Which is more sensitive to distance the strong nuclear force or the electric force ... 

Was this youT answer The strong nuclear force weakens rapidly over relatively short distances, but the electric force remains powerful over such distances. 

Nuclear deformation may result in repulsive electric forces overcoming attractive strong nuclear forces, in which case fission occurs. 

Think of the enormous external force required to pull a nucleon out of the nucleus through a distance sufficient to overcome the attractive strong nuclear force, comically represented in Figure 4.28. As per the word equation for work just given, enormous force exerted through a distance means that enormous work is required. This work is energy that has been added to the nucleon. 

Strong nuclear force The force of interaction between all nucleons, effective only at extremely close distances. 

How are the strong nuclear force and the electric force different from each other ... 

---