Weak nuclear force

In 1925 physicists had known of two particles of matter, the proton and the electron. By 1947 five were known the proton, neutron, electron, muon, and neutrino. Yet another particle, the pion, was known, but it was associated with a force and it wasn t a component of matter. In 1925 they had known of two forces gravity and electromagnetism. Now there were four. The two new ones were the weak nuclear force (now called simply the weak force ) and a strong nuclear force that held nuclei together. 

The four forces are gravity, electromagnetism (electrical attraction and repulsion and magnetic forces are explained by the same theory), and the strong and weak nuclear forces. The weak force is... 

Modem science agrees that there are Four Fundamental Forces governing the activity of everything in our universe and though they call them "Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force and Gravitational Force," they are related to the ancient Elemental qualities of Fire, Water, Air and Earth respectively. 

There are also fundamental forces acting on matter these have their own sets of fundamental particles. The forces are the strong nuclear force (or strong interaction), the weak nuclear force (or weak interaction), and electromagnetism (which includes light, x rays, and all the other electromagnetic forces). All these forces are transmitted by particles C AXeA fundamental bosons (named after Indian physicist S. N. Bose). 

The first step remains the biggest mystery. It may have been a statistical fluke on Earth but this is now a less-than-satisfactory explanation given a seeming bias in the universe. Another possibihty may be circularly polarized light from stars which could, in principle, favor formation of one enantiomer over the other. Physicists discovered 50 years ago that there is asymmetry in the weak nuclear force possibly giving some intrinsic bias in matter favoring one enantiomer over the other. At present these remain speculations. 

The weak nuclear force is weaker than the electric force but stronger than the gravitational force. We are aware of its existence only because it shows itself in certain types of radioactivity. 

There are four basic forces, or interactions, known in nature gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear forces, and the weak nuclear forces. Gravitational forces are attractive forces that act between all objects in proportion to their masses. Gravitational forces between atoms or subatomic particles are so small that they are of no chemical significance. 

PROFESSOR ABDUS SALAM attained the pinnacle of his physics career when he shared a Nobel Prize with two other scientists on Unification of Electromagnetism and the Weak Nuclear Force The most revealing of it was the existence of a new particle at extreme energies [he conditions that would be similar to the few moments in the birth of the universe. These fleeting moments were confirmed under cosmic conditions at the CERN Accelerator. He had extended his hands to developing countries. He deserves this dedication. 

Only four forces are known gravity, electromagnetic forces, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force. The nuclear forces act only within a nucleus, whereas gravity and EM can operate over essentially infinite distances. 

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