Streptomyces peucetius, antibiotic from

Doxorubicin and dannorabicin are antibiotics made from microorganisms of the family Streptomyces peucetius. The stmcture of these anthracyclines contains an aminosaccarhide residue daunozamine attached to a naphthacenequinone nucleus. Doxorubicin differs from daunorubicin in the presence of a hydroxyl gronp at C14. A nnmber of mechanisms have been suggested in which anthracyclines exhibit cytotoxicity. They canse DNA to denature, are involved in oxidation-rednction reactions, chelate bivalent cations and react with cell membranes, changing their fnnction. They are used for severe leukemia, lymphoma, breast and ovarian cancer, and other solid tumors. 

Erythromycin, naturally produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea, is among the most widely used antibiotics. It acts through the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 508 ribosomal subunit [2]. The tetracycline antibiotics are produced by a number of Streptomyces organisms, and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by preventing aminoacyl-tRNA association with the bacterial ribosome [3]. The epothilones, isolated from Sorangium cellu-losum, are potential anti-cancer agents with the same mechanism of action as taxol, the stabilization of microtubules that leads to the arrest of cell division and ultimately cell death [4, 5]. Doxorubicin, isolated from Streptomyces peucetius, is a cytotoxic molecule that has been used for the treatment... 

Adriamycin (1) and the closely related compounds daunomycin (2) and car-minomydn (3) are members of the anthracycline group of antibiotics, these being defined as antibiotics which contain a naphthacene or tetrahydronaphtha-cene ring skeleton [1], Daunomycin was first isolated in 1963 simultaneously from Streptomyces peucetius by Farmitalia in Italy [2] and from Streptomyces coeruleorubidus by Rhone—Poulenc in France [3]. Subsequently the same antibiotic has been identified as a component of the rubomycin [4] and leukaemo-mycin [5] groups of antibiotics. Exposure of S. peucetius to the mutagen... 

By far the most clinically useful of the newer intercalators is doxorubicin 10,23) (adriamycin), an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius after separation from the less valuable daunorubicin (daunomycin) which has - COCH3 in place of- COCHgOH, and is much less selective (Arcamone et aLy 1969). 

The anthracyclines represent a broad family of antibiotics that exhibit activity in numerous tumors. The first anthracyclines, doxorubicin (DOX) and dau-notubicin (DNR), were isolated from Streptomyces var peucetius they were shown to be composed of a tetracyclic ring system with adjacent quinone-hydro-quinone moieties, a short side chain with a carbonyl group, and an aminosugar bound to the C-7 of the four-ring system. DOX and DNR only differed in the side chain terminus (-CH2OH in DOX vs. -CH3 in DNR). Second generation anthracyclines, like epitubicin (EPI) and idatubicin (IDA), were obtained after minor chemical modifications of DOX or DNR, respectively (Fig- 1). 

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